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kinesiology > anatomy test 1 > Flashcards

anatomy test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate saggital, frontal and transverse planes

A

saggital-spliting our body into two equal left and right parts
frontal-splitting the body into two equal front and back parts
transverse- spliting the body into two equal top and bottom halfs

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2
Q

name three functions of the skeletal system

A

1 Bones support tissues and provide a framework for the body
2. bones protect organs
3. bone marrow is the site of blood cell production

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3
Q

name the different types of long bones

A

femur, tibia,fibula,radius,metacarpals,metatarsals,phalanges(tubular with bone marrow)

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4
Q

name the different types of short bones

A

carpals,tarsals(no bone marrow)

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5
Q

name the different types of flat bones

A

scapula,clavicle, ribs,sternum, mandible, craial bones

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6
Q

name the different types of irregular bones

A

facial bones, vertebrae,pelvis

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7
Q

name the only sesamoid bone

A

patella(floating bone)

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8
Q

whats the wormian bone

A

small jigsaw fragments,found along the sutures of the skull

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9
Q

name the 4 parts of the axial skeleton

A

skull(cranium), vertebral column,sternum and the thorax or rib cage

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9
Q

what is the main function of the axial skeleton?

A

To hold the body erect and protect most of the bodys vital organs such as the heart,lungs and livers

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10
Q

name the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle,upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb

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11
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

scapula and clavicle

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12
Q

how many vertebra does the cervical have?

A

7

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13
Q

how many vertebra does the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

12

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14
Q

how many vertebra does the lumbar vertebrae have?

A

5

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15
Q

how many vertebra does the sacrum have?

A

5 but these are fused together in adults

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16
Q

how many vertebra does the coccyx have?

A

four vertebrae fused into one

17
Q

how many true,false and floating ribs do we have?

A

true:7 pairs
false: 3 pairs
floating:2pairs

18
Q

differentiate true vs false ribs

A

true ribs attach directly to the sternum while false ribs indirectly attach

19
Q

how do floating ribs attach?

A

they attach to muscles of the abdomenal wall

20
Q

explain shock absorption of the spine

A

the natural curvature of the spine acts like a spring and the intervertebral disks acts like a cushion

21
Q

Whats Kyphosis?

A

hunchback- exaggerated thoracic curvature

22
Q

Whats scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature

23
Q

whats lordosis?

A

exaggerated lumbar curvature(swayback)

24
Q

explain fibrous joints and give examples?

A

bones are connected by fibrous tissues
immovable(sutures of the skull,teeth in sockets)
partly movable(syndesmosis of forearm)

25
Q

explain cartilaginous joints and give examples

A

bones are connected by cartilage
immovable(Epiphyseal growth plates)
partly movable( intervertebral disks)

26
Q

synovial joints

A
  • all are freely movable
27
Q

explain ball and socket joints and give examples

A
  • allows for greatest range of motion
  • one bone has a ball-shaped head which sits into the concave area of second bone
  • EX: HIP AND SHOULDER
28
Q

explain hinge joints and give examples

A
  • similar to those found on a door
  • allows movement in only two directions - flexion and extension
  • EX: ANKLE, ELBOW, AND INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
28
Q

explain Gliding joints and give examples

A
  • connects flat or slightly around surfaces
  • enable slight movement in one plane
  • EX: FACETS OF VERTEBRAE,ACROMIOCLAVICULAE, INTERCARPALS/ INTERTARSAL JOINTS
29
Q

explain pivot joints and give examples

A

-limited to rotation
- allows rotatio around an axis
- EX: ATLAS ANDAX, RADIOHUMERAL

30
Q

explain condyloid joints and give examples

A
  • a reduced ball and socket joint
    allows quite a bit of movement but not as much as a ball and socket.
  • EX: KNEE AND KNUCKLES(METACARPAL-PHALANGEAL JOINT)
31
Q

explain saddle joints and give examples

A
  • only allows ovement in 2 planes: flexion-extension,abduction and adduction, NOT ROTATION
  • EX: CARPAL-METACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB
32
Q

name the three connective tissues

A

tendons, ligaments and cartilage

33
Q

explain tendons

A
  • strong but flexible tissue
  • attaches muscles the bones
34
Q

explain ligaments

A
  • tough bands of fibre that join bone to bone and stabilize movement at that joint.
    -when torn,will not regenerate(needs surgery)
35
Q

explain cartilage

A
  • rubbery tissues made up of collagen
  • forms a cushion/protects bones from rubbing
  • EX. INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS, MENISCUS ARTICULATING CARTILAGE AT THE ENDS OF LONG BONES
36
Q

whats a bursa?

A
  • small fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane
  • provides a cushion and reduces friction between bones and tendond, or muscles around a joint
37
Q

whats fascia?

A

The biological fabric that holds us together(sticky wrap around muscles)

38
Q

explain forearm rotation

A
  1. ULNA REMAINS STATIONARY
  2. PROXIMAL END OF THE RADIUS PIVOTS(ROTATES)
  3. DISTAL END OF RADIUS CROSSES OVER THE ULNA FORMING AN X

kinesiology (3 decks)

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