anatomy test 1 Flashcards
Differentiate saggital, frontal and transverse planes
saggital-spliting our body into two equal left and right parts
frontal-splitting the body into two equal front and back parts
transverse- spliting the body into two equal top and bottom halfs
name three functions of the skeletal system
1 Bones support tissues and provide a framework for the body
2. bones protect organs
3. bone marrow is the site of blood cell production
name the different types of long bones
femur, tibia,fibula,radius,metacarpals,metatarsals,phalanges(tubular with bone marrow)
name the different types of short bones
carpals,tarsals(no bone marrow)
name the different types of flat bones
scapula,clavicle, ribs,sternum, mandible, craial bones
name the different types of irregular bones
facial bones, vertebrae,pelvis
name the only sesamoid bone
patella(floating bone)
whats the wormian bone
small jigsaw fragments,found along the sutures of the skull
name the 4 parts of the axial skeleton
skull(cranium), vertebral column,sternum and the thorax or rib cage
what is the main function of the axial skeleton?
To hold the body erect and protect most of the bodys vital organs such as the heart,lungs and livers
name the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle,upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb
What makes up the pectoral girdle?
scapula and clavicle
how many vertebra does the cervical have?
7
how many vertebra does the thoracic vertebrae have?
12
how many vertebra does the lumbar vertebrae have?
5
how many vertebra does the sacrum have?
5 but these are fused together in adults
how many vertebra does the coccyx have?
four vertebrae fused into one
how many true,false and floating ribs do we have?
true:7 pairs
false: 3 pairs
floating:2pairs
differentiate true vs false ribs
true ribs attach directly to the sternum while false ribs indirectly attach
how do floating ribs attach?
they attach to muscles of the abdomenal wall
explain shock absorption of the spine
the natural curvature of the spine acts like a spring and the intervertebral disks acts like a cushion
Whats Kyphosis?
hunchback- exaggerated thoracic curvature
Whats scoliosis?
abnormal lateral curvature
whats lordosis?
exaggerated lumbar curvature(swayback)
explain fibrous joints and give examples?
bones are connected by fibrous tissues
immovable(sutures of the skull,teeth in sockets)
partly movable(syndesmosis of forearm)
explain cartilaginous joints and give examples
bones are connected by cartilage
immovable(Epiphyseal growth plates)
partly movable( intervertebral disks)
synovial joints
- all are freely movable
explain ball and socket joints and give examples
- allows for greatest range of motion
- one bone has a ball-shaped head which sits into the concave area of second bone
- EX: HIP AND SHOULDER
explain hinge joints and give examples
- similar to those found on a door
- allows movement in only two directions - flexion and extension
- EX: ANKLE, ELBOW, AND INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
explain Gliding joints and give examples
- connects flat or slightly around surfaces
- enable slight movement in one plane
- EX: FACETS OF VERTEBRAE,ACROMIOCLAVICULAE, INTERCARPALS/ INTERTARSAL JOINTS
explain pivot joints and give examples
-limited to rotation
- allows rotatio around an axis
- EX: ATLAS ANDAX, RADIOHUMERAL
explain condyloid joints and give examples
- a reduced ball and socket joint
allows quite a bit of movement but not as much as a ball and socket. - EX: KNEE AND KNUCKLES(METACARPAL-PHALANGEAL JOINT)
explain saddle joints and give examples
- only allows ovement in 2 planes: flexion-extension,abduction and adduction, NOT ROTATION
- EX: CARPAL-METACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB
name the three connective tissues
tendons, ligaments and cartilage
explain tendons
- strong but flexible tissue
- attaches muscles the bones
explain ligaments
- tough bands of fibre that join bone to bone and stabilize movement at that joint.
-when torn,will not regenerate(needs surgery)
explain cartilage
- rubbery tissues made up of collagen
- forms a cushion/protects bones from rubbing
- EX. INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS, MENISCUS ARTICULATING CARTILAGE AT THE ENDS OF LONG BONES
whats a bursa?
- small fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane
- provides a cushion and reduces friction between bones and tendond, or muscles around a joint
whats fascia?
The biological fabric that holds us together(sticky wrap around muscles)
explain forearm rotation
- ULNA REMAINS STATIONARY
- PROXIMAL END OF THE RADIUS PIVOTS(ROTATES)
- DISTAL END OF RADIUS CROSSES OVER THE ULNA FORMING AN X
