Kin Midterm

Question 1

step 1 in excitation contraction

Answer 1

1. Alpha Motor neuron releases Ach (AcetylcoA)

Question 2

step 2 in excitation contraction

Answer 2

Ach binds sodium/potassium receptor on muscle

Question 3

step 3 in excitation-contraction

Answer 3

increase in sodium results in the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

step 4

Answer 4

ca+ binds troponin

Question 5

step 5

Answer 5

myosin binds actin

Question 6

step 6

Answer 6

“power stroke” ATP Hydrolysis

Question 7

step 7

Answer 7

Muscle Shortens!!

Question 8

concentric

Answer 8

muscle contracts

Question 9

eccentric

Answer 9

muscle elongates

Question 10

isometric

Answer 10

muscle contracts w/o movement

Question 11

3 major functions of the nervous system

Answer 11

1. sensation (afferent): neuron that sends info to CNS
2. response (efferent): neuron that generates a response
3. integration: nerves that exist in the CNS that integrate sensation and response

Question 12

2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system

Answer 12

central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 13

3 functional divisions of the nervous system

Answer 13

1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system
3. enteric nervous system

Question 14

somatic nervous system

Answer 14

voluntary processes (activating muscles)

Question 15

autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

involuntary, involved in homeostasis

Question 16

enteric nervous system (digestive tract)

Answer 16

oversight over digestion

Question 17

spinal cord and brain

Answer 17

central nervous system

Question 18

ganglia and nerves

Answer 18

peripheral nerves

Question 19

cerebrum

Answer 19

large mantle part of the brain

Question 20

wrinkled portion of the brain

Answer 20

cerebral cortex

Question 21

______ divides the brain into two separate what?

Answer 21

longitudinal fissure divides brain into left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 22

ridges of wrinkles

Answer 22

gyrus (gyri)

Question 23

groove between wrinkles

Answer 23

sulcus (sulci)

Question 24

4 main lobes of the brain

Answer 24

frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal lobes

Question 25

3 main separating sulci

Answer 25

central sulcus, Pareto-occipital sulcus, and lateral sulcus

Question 26

white matter core deep within the cerebrum

Answer 26

corpus callosum

Question 27

steps of a reflex arc

Answer 27

1. activation of the receptors with stimulus 2. activation of afferent nerve 3. processing of the spinal cord 4. activation of efferent nerve 5. muscle tension

Question 28

muscle fibers in order large to small

Answer 28

skeletal muscle, epimysium, muscle fascicles, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fibers, sarcolemma, sarcomere

Question 29

sarcomere

Answer 29

proteins that cause the muscle to contract

Question 30

familiarize with terms from muscle diagrams

Answer 30

synaptic cleft, myelin sheath, actin, myosin and troponin, axon terminal, acetyl con receptor (ach), neuromuscluar junction

Question 31

motor unit

Answer 31

group of muscle fibers in a muscle innervated by a single motor neuron

Question 32

meningeal layers

Answer 32

the layers of membrane that cover your brain

Question 33

dura mater

Answer 33

most superficial and thickest layer (1st layer)

Question 34

arachnoid matter

Answer 34

middle, bound to dura mater (2nd layer)

Question 35

subarachnoid space

Answer 35

space where cerebrospinal fluid is found

Question 36

pia mater

Answer 36

thinnest, directly on top of brain/spinal cord

Question 37

outer surface of a peripheral nerve

Answer 37

epineurium

Question 38

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds nerve facicles

Answer 38

perineurium

Question 39

loose connective tissue

Answer 39

endoneurium

Question 40

action potential step 1

Answer 40

1. at rest, below activation threshold

Question 41

AP step 2

Answer 41

stimulus applied to nerve

Question 42

AP step 3

Answer 42

period of depolarization

Question 43

AP step 4

Answer 43

period of repolarization

Question 44

AP step 5

Answer 44

hyper polarization

Question 45

AP step 6

Answer 45

return to resting state