Kin Midterm Flashcards
step 1 in excitation contraction
- Alpha Motor neuron releases Ach (AcetylcoA)
step 2 in excitation contraction
Ach binds sodium/potassium receptor on muscle
step 3 in excitation-contraction
increase in sodium results in the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
step 4
ca+ binds troponin
step 5
myosin binds actin
step 6
“power stroke” ATP Hydrolysis
step 7
Muscle Shortens!!
concentric
muscle contracts
eccentric
muscle elongates
isometric
muscle contracts w/o movement
3 major functions of the nervous system
- sensation (afferent): neuron that sends info to CNS
- response (efferent): neuron that generates a response
- integration: nerves that exist in the CNS that integrate sensation and response
2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
3 functional divisions of the nervous system
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
- enteric nervous system
somatic nervous system
voluntary processes (activating muscles)
autonomic nervous system
involuntary, involved in homeostasis
enteric nervous system (digestive tract)
oversight over digestion
spinal cord and brain
central nervous system
ganglia and nerves
peripheral nerves
cerebrum
large mantle part of the brain
wrinkled portion of the brain
cerebral cortex
______ divides the brain into two separate what?
longitudinal fissure divides brain into left and right cerebral hemispheres
ridges of wrinkles
gyrus (gyri)
groove between wrinkles
sulcus (sulci)
4 main lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal lobes
3 main separating sulci
central sulcus, Pareto-occipital sulcus, and lateral sulcus
white matter core deep within the cerebrum
corpus callosum
steps of a reflex arc
- activation of the receptors with stimulus
- activation of afferent nerve
- processing of the spinal cord
- activation of efferent nerve
- muscle tension
muscle fibers in order large to small
skeletal muscle, epimysium, muscle fascicles, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fibers, sarcolemma, sarcomere
sarcomere
proteins that cause the muscle to contract
familiarize with terms from muscle diagrams
synaptic cleft, myelin sheath, actin, myosin and troponin, axon terminal, acetyl con receptor (ach), neuromuscluar junction
motor unit
group of muscle fibers in a muscle innervated by a single motor neuron
meningeal layers
the layers of membrane that cover your brain
dura mater
most superficial and thickest layer (1st layer)
arachnoid matter
middle, bound to dura mater (2nd layer)
subarachnoid space
space where cerebrospinal fluid is found
pia mater
thinnest, directly on top of brain/spinal cord
outer surface of a peripheral nerve
epineurium
fibrous connective tissue that surrounds nerve facicles
perineurium
loose connective tissue
endoneurium
action potential step 1
- at rest, below activation threshold
AP step 2
stimulus applied to nerve
AP step 3
period of depolarization
AP step 4
period of repolarization
AP step 5
hyper polarization
AP step 6
return to resting state
