KIGALI AMENDMENT Flashcards
Aim of Kigali amendment
To achieve 80% reduction in HFC consumption by 2047
HFCs have zero impact on the ____ layer
Ozone layer ( however, they are powerful greenhouse gases )
When was Kigali agreement signed
15th October, 2016
When did the Kigali amendment come into effect
1st January, 2019
What is Kigali
The capital city of Rwanda, where the agreement was signed
What is the Kigali amendment a part of
Montreal protocol
What did the amendment do to the protocol?
HFCs were used to replace the substances banned in the agreement since they had zero impact on the ozone layer, however, after they were found to be powerful greenhouse gases, the amendment seeks to bind parties to remove HFCs from use
How many states have ratified the Kigali Amendment
127 states and the EU ( US has not ratified, but pledged to do so )
When was the Montreal Protocol signed
Signed on 16th Sept, 1987 and effective from 1st January 1989
Aim for Montreal Protocol
Phasing out of numerous substances that deplete the ozone layer
Which convention established the framework for international cooperation in addressing the ozone depletion
1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone layer
How many revisions were done to the Montreal Protocol
9 revisions
First universally ratified treaties in UN history
Vienna convention and Montreal Protocol ( by 196 countries and EU )
When was the 25th anniversary of the Montreal Protocol
2012
What did the Montreal Protocol envisage to do
Phase out the use of CFCs and HCFCs which were previously used and to promote the use of HFCs
When did India ratify the Kigali Amendment
27th September
Since when is India a part of the Montreal Protocol
June 1992
India has to reduce the use of HFC’s by __% by ____
80% by 2047
When do China and the US need to reach 80% reduction ?
2045 and 2034 respectively
The steps through which India needs to reduce its HFC use
10% in 2032, 20% in 2037, 30% in 2042 and 80% in 2047
Compliance with the Kigali Amendment will be done by __
Mid 2024 according to the existing legislation framework, the Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules.
____ is the first country to launch a cooling action plan in 2019
India
How many manmade ozone depleting substances are to be regulated
nearly 100
Where is the ozone layer in the atmosphere
The stratosphere
When is Ozone day observed ( and this year’s theme )
16th September, theme 2021 : Montreal Protocol -Keeping us, our food and vaccines cool.
When is environment day observed
5th June, theme 2021 : ecosystem restoration
Global warming potential of HFCs
12-14,000
HFCs are projected to rise to 7-19 % of global CO2 emissions by ___
2050
At what % are the CO2 emmisions growing per year
8%
First ever convention dedicated to protecting the Ozone layer
Vienna Convention, 1985
Working group under the ___ prepared the Montreal Protocol
UNEP ( Hqs : Nairobi, Kenya ; head : Inger Anderson ; founded : 5th june, 1972 )
Head of UNEP
Inger Anderson
Which country was the first to ratify the Kigali Amendment?
Mali
