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abdominal kidney/spleen/gi/scrotum > Kidneys anatomy > Flashcards

Kidneys anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function of the kidney

A

removal of waste product
regulate electrolyte balance, and acid base homeostasis

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2
Q

upper poles of the kidneys located at what vertebra

A

T12

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3
Q

is the kidney a retroperitoneal organ

A

yes

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4
Q

vertical cleft is the

A

renal hilum

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5
Q

layers of the renal hilum

A

renal vein is the most anterior
ureter most posterior

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6
Q

organ relationship to the right kidney

A
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7
Q

organ relationship to the left kidney

A
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8
Q

psoas muscle lies …. to the kidney

A

posterior medial to kidney

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9
Q

quadratus lumborum lies…

A

immediately posterior to the kidney

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10
Q

gerotas fascia surrounds

A

kidneys, adrenal and perirenal fat

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11
Q

perirenal fat surrounds

A

surrounds the true capsule

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12
Q

true capsule covers

A

each kidney in a dense fibrous covering, comes in direct contact with renal cortex

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13
Q

2 types of tissue in the kidney

A

renal parenchyma: cortex, medulla
renal sinus

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14
Q

normal renal cortex size

A

> 1cm

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15
Q

the renal cortex contains

A

renal corpuscles
proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

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16
Q

how many renal pyramids does a medulla contain

A

8-18

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17
Q

the medullas contains the loop of?

A

henle and collecting duct
reabsorption occurs in the medulla

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18
Q

nephron

A

forms urine
smallest functional unit
filters blood

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19
Q

structure of a nephron

A
  1. proximal convoluted tubule
  2. loop of henle
  3. distal convoluted tuble
  4. collecting duct
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20
Q

what is afferent renal arterioles

A

brings blood to the glomerulus

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21
Q

effect arteriole

A

carries blood away from glomerulus

22
Q

bowmans capsule

A

double walled cup of tissue that surrounds the glomerulus

23
Q

glomerulus

A

capillary network

24
Q

bowmans capsule and glomerulus form the

A

renal corpuscle

25
Q

glomerular filtration

A

fluid is forced across a membrane into the nephron; increases with increased blood pressure; decreased with kidney disease

26
Q

tubular resorption

A

while the fluid is within the renal tubules, it can be resorbed according to the body’s needs; electrolytes and components of the fluid are selectively resorbed to allow for excretion of intended waste products

27
Q

tubular secretion

A

selective process of disposing of the waste products and pH regulation

28
Q

which renal artery is longer

A

the right and passes posterior to IVC

29
Q

which renal vein is longer

A

the left

30
Q

normal kidney length

A

9-12 cm

31
Q

normal kidney width

A

4-6 cm

32
Q

both kidneys measurement should be within …

A

2 cm of eachother

33
Q

dromedary hump

A

cortical bulge on the lateral border
more common on left

34
Q

fetal lobulation

A

surface of kidney is indented between the calyces

35
Q

column of bertin

A

prominent indents of the cortex within medulla

36
Q

junctional parenchymal defect

A

triangular echogenic area on the upper pole

37
Q

normal ureters

A

about 25 cm long
descend retroperitoneally
enter posterior lateral into bladder

38
Q

bladder wall layers

A
  • mucosa - mucous layer of transitional epithelial cells, allows bladder wall to stretch
  • submucosa - dense connective tissue which connects the mucosa and muscularis layers - muscularis - coat of smooth muscle which consists of three layers, detrusor muscle
  • serosa (adventitia) - outer most layer which covers superior portion of bladder
39
Q

bladder wall layers

A
  • mucosa - mucous layer of transitional epithelial cells, allows bladder wall to stretch
  • submucosa - dense connective tissue which connects the mucosa and muscularis layers - muscularis - coat of smooth muscle which consists of three layers, detrusor muscle
  • serosa (adventitia) - outer most layer which covers superior portion of bladder
40
Q

normal mL for bladder

A

400-600

41
Q

in males the bladder lies

A

anterior to rectum

42
Q

in females the bladder lies

A

anterior to vagina and uterus

43
Q

normal wall measurement for bladder when full

A

<3mm

44
Q

normal wall measurement for bladder when empty

A

<5mm

45
Q

normal bladder post residual volume

A

100 mL

46
Q

urethra length in males

A

20 cm long

47
Q

urethra length in females

A

3-4 cm long

48
Q

BUN increases w/

A

decreased renal function
dehydration
starvation
congestive HF

49
Q

creatinine increases w/

A

decreased renal function
urinary tract obstruction
acute tubular necrosis
glomerulonephritis

50
Q

uric acid increases w/

A

renal failure

51
Q

proteinuria increases w/

A

glomerulonephritis

abdominal kidney/spleen/gi/scrotum (4 decks)

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