Kidneys anatomy

Question 1

function of the kidney

Answer 1

removal of waste product
regulate electrolyte balance, and acid base homeostasis

Question 2

upper poles of the kidneys located at what vertebra

Answer 2

T12

Question 3

is the kidney a retroperitoneal organ

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

vertical cleft is the

Answer 4

renal hilum

Question 5

layers of the renal hilum

Answer 5

renal vein is the most anterior
ureter most posterior

Question 6

organ relationship to the right kidney

Answer 6

Question 7

organ relationship to the left kidney

Answer 7

Question 8

psoas muscle lies …. to the kidney

Answer 8

posterior medial to kidney

Question 9

quadratus lumborum lies…

Answer 9

immediately posterior to the kidney

Question 10

gerotas fascia surrounds

Answer 10

kidneys, adrenal and perirenal fat

Question 11

perirenal fat surrounds

Answer 11

surrounds the true capsule

Question 12

true capsule covers

Answer 12

each kidney in a dense fibrous covering, comes in direct contact with renal cortex

Question 13

2 types of tissue in the kidney

Answer 13

renal parenchyma: cortex, medulla
renal sinus

Question 14

normal renal cortex size

Answer 14

> 1cm

Question 15

the renal cortex contains

Answer 15

renal corpuscles
proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Question 16

how many renal pyramids does a medulla contain

Answer 16

8-18

Question 17

the medullas contains the loop of?

Answer 17

henle and collecting duct
reabsorption occurs in the medulla

Question 18

nephron

Answer 18

forms urine
smallest functional unit
filters blood

Question 19

structure of a nephron

Answer 19

1. proximal convoluted tubule
2. loop of henle
3. distal convoluted tuble
4. collecting duct

Question 20

what is afferent renal arterioles

Answer 20

brings blood to the glomerulus

Question 21

effect arteriole

Answer 21

carries blood away from glomerulus

Question 22

bowmans capsule

Answer 22

double walled cup of tissue that surrounds the glomerulus

Question 23

glomerulus

Answer 23

capillary network

Question 24

bowmans capsule and glomerulus form the

Answer 24

renal corpuscle

Question 25

glomerular filtration

Answer 25

fluid is forced across a membrane into the nephron; increases with increased blood pressure; decreased with kidney disease

Question 26

tubular resorption

Answer 26

while the fluid is within the renal tubules, it can be resorbed according to the body's needs; electrolytes and components of the fluid are selectively resorbed to allow for excretion of intended waste products

Question 27

tubular secretion

Answer 27

selective process of disposing of the waste products and pH regulation

Question 28

which renal artery is longer

Answer 28

the right and passes posterior to IVC

Question 29

which renal vein is longer

Answer 29

the left

Question 30

normal kidney length

Answer 30

9-12 cm

Question 31

normal kidney width

Answer 31

4-6 cm

Question 32

both kidneys measurement should be within ...

Answer 32

2 cm of eachother

Question 33

dromedary hump

Answer 33

cortical bulge on the lateral border more common on left

Question 34

fetal lobulation

Answer 34

surface of kidney is indented between the calyces

Question 35

column of bertin

Answer 35

prominent indents of the cortex within medulla

Question 36

junctional parenchymal defect

Answer 36

triangular echogenic area on the upper pole

Question 37

normal ureters

Answer 37

about 25 cm long descend retroperitoneally enter posterior lateral into bladder

Question 38

bladder wall layers

Answer 38

- mucosa - mucous layer of transitional epithelial cells, allows bladder wall to stretch - submucosa - dense connective tissue which connects the mucosa and muscularis layers - muscularis - coat of smooth muscle which consists of three layers, detrusor muscle - serosa (adventitia) - outer most layer which covers superior portion of bladder

Question 39

bladder wall layers

Answer 39

- mucosa - mucous layer of transitional epithelial cells, allows bladder wall to stretch - submucosa - dense connective tissue which connects the mucosa and muscularis layers - muscularis - coat of smooth muscle which consists of three layers, detrusor muscle - serosa (adventitia) - outer most layer which covers superior portion of bladder

Question 40

normal mL for bladder

Answer 40

400-600

Question 41

in males the bladder lies

Answer 41

anterior to rectum

Question 42

in females the bladder lies

Answer 42

anterior to vagina and uterus

Question 43

normal wall measurement for bladder when full

Answer 43

<3mm

Question 44

normal wall measurement for bladder when empty

Answer 44

<5mm

Question 45

normal bladder post residual volume

Answer 45

100 mL

Question 46

urethra length in males

Answer 46

20 cm long

Question 47

urethra length in females

Answer 47

3-4 cm long

Question 48

BUN increases w/

Answer 48

decreased renal function dehydration starvation congestive HF

Question 49

creatinine increases w/

Answer 49

decreased renal function urinary tract obstruction acute tubular necrosis glomerulonephritis

Question 50

uric acid increases w/

Answer 50

renal failure

Question 51

proteinuria increases w/

Answer 51

glomerulonephritis