kidney pathology

Question 1

simple renal cyst affects …

Answer 1

50% of adults over 50

Question 2

atypical cyst

Answer 2

hemorrhagic cyst
infected cyst

Question 3

parapelvic cyst

Answer 3

arises in renal hilum but does not communicate w/ collecting system

Question 4

parapelvic cyst sono findings

Answer 4

irregular borders
can be confused for hydro

Question 5

what is an angiomyolipoma

Answer 5

common
composed of fat
mostly found in women 20-50

Question 6

angiomyolipoma on ultrasound

Answer 6

focal,solid, hyperechoic
bilateral involvment in pts w/ tuberous sclerosis

Question 7

what are adenoma and oncocytoma

Answer 7

common benign renal tumors
usually hypoechoic
biopsy may be required

Question 8

common medical renal diseases

Answer 8

glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis

Question 9

symptoms for medical renal disease

Answer 9

hypertension
anemia
peripheral adema
nephrotic syndrome

Question 10

what is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 10

a group of symptoms-
protein in urine
low blood protein
high cholesterol and high triglyceride levels
swelling

Question 11

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

necrosis occurs in glomeruli
tubules become affected

Question 12

Glomerulonephritis on ultrasound

Answer 12

bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys

Question 13

Acute Tubular Necrosis usually caused by

Answer 13

lack of oxygen to kidney tissue

Question 14

Acute Tubular Necrosis on ultrasound

Answer 14

enlarged kidneys

Question 15

hydronephrosis is due to

Answer 15

failure of normal drainage of urine from the kidney
result of blockage or a kink, tumor , or narrowing

Question 16

hydro symptoms

Answer 16

UTI
frequent urination
pain flank or abdomen
pain while peeing

Question 17

Pyelonephritis usually caused by

Answer 17

e coli

Question 18

Pyelonephritis
more common in

Answer 18

women

Question 19

Pyelonephritis
causes

Answer 19

toilet hygiene
female short urethra
stones
enlarged prostate

Question 20

Pyelonephritis
symptoms

Answer 20

diarrhea
fever
nausea
shivering
vomiting
black/flank pain

Question 21

Pyelonephritis
complications

Answer 21

pyonephrosis
emphysematousPyelonephritis
sepsis

Question 22

what is pyonephrosis

Answer 22

pus within renal system
occurs seconday

Question 23

(Emphysematous Pyelonephritis)

Answer 23

kidney tissue destroyed
infection releases toxic gas

Question 24

kidney. stones

Answer 24

common cause of blood in urine
more in males
common in people who have diets high in animal protein and drink little fluid

Question 25

kidney stone symptoms

Answer 25

pain on lower back
blood in urine
fever chills
urine smells bad

Question 26

what is a kidney stone usually not visualized

Answer 26

when it is 3mm or less

Question 27

kidney stones on ultrasound

Answer 27

acoustic shadowing
twinkle color artifact

Question 28

staghorn calculus

Answer 28

stone occupys large portion of collecting system

Question 29

hydroureter

Answer 29

ureter filled with urine

Question 30

malignant renal symptoms

Answer 30

weight loss
fatigue
back pain
intermittent fever

Question 31

RCC (Renal cell carcinoma)

Answer 31

85% of all kidney tumors
starts in the nephrons
peaks in 70 yr age range

Question 32

RCC on ultrasound

Answer 32

calcification may be seen
solid parenchymal mass

Question 33

RCC grade 1

Answer 33

confined to kidney

Question 34

grade 2 RCC

Answer 34

spread to perinephric fat within gerotas fascia

Question 35

grade 3 RCC

Answer 35

spread to renal vein, ivc, nodes

Question 36

grade 4 RCC

Answer 36

invasions of neighboring structures

Question 37

transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 37

tumor of renal pelvis but
more frequently found in bladder
more common in males

Question 38

transitional cell carcinoma on ultrasound

Answer 38

solid hypoechoic mass
located within renal pelvic

Question 39

nephroblastoma

Answer 39

common solid mass found during childhood
peak incidence during 2nd yr of life
90% have palpable abd mass

Question 40

nephroblastoma on ultrasound

Answer 40

> 10 cm
lesion usually echogenic

Question 41

common site of metastases

Answer 41

skin
lymph
lungs,breast,colon,stomach

Question 42

what should you look for post renal transplant

Answer 42

presence of hydro
fluid
renal size

Question 43

signs for renal transplant rejection

Answer 43

sudden cessation of urine output-anuria
oliguria-decreased output
increased creatinine,protein
hypertension or swelling

Question 44

perinephric fluid collections assoc. w/ renal transplant

Answer 44

urinoma
lymphocele
hematoma
abscess

Question 45

urinoma

Answer 45

collection of urine outside the kidney or bladderr
clinical: decreased urine output

Question 46

lymphocele

Answer 46

leakage of lymphatic vessels usually between UB and kidney

Question 47

hematoma

Answer 47

leakage from blood vessels
decreased hematocrit

Question 48

abscess

Answer 48

pus
increase WBC,fever,flank pain

Question 49

risk factors for renal vascular disease

Answer 49

hypertension
smoking
high cholesterol
diabetes
female
age

Question 50

most common reason for renal artery stenosis

Answer 50

atherosclerosis
build up of plaque

Question 51

other reasons for renal artery stenosis

Answer 51

fibromuscular dysplasia
takayasus artritis

Question 52

renal artery anuerysm

Answer 52

can be asymptomatic
idiopathic

Question 53

conditions assoc. w/ renal vein thrombosis

Answer 53

trauma
compression
pregnancy
steroids
birth control

Question 54

AV fistula

Answer 54

abnormal connection between a artery and vein
complication of renal biopsy

Question 55

what is cystitis

Answer 55

inflammation of the bladder
more common in women

Question 56

cystitis symptoms

Answer 56

burning
pain while peeing
cloudy dark urine
pain in lower back/abdomen

Question 57

what is bladder diverticulum

Answer 57

outpouching of bladder wall

Question 58

bladder diverticulum symptoms

Answer 58

retention
UTI
blood in urine

Question 59

majority of cancer in the bladder is

Answer 59

transitional cell carcinoma