Kidneys

Question 1

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Urine formation and waste excretion

Question 2

Which kidney is typically located slightly lower due to the position of the liver?

Answer 2

Right kidney

Question 3

What anatomical structure contains the renal hilus?

Answer 3

Medial surface of the kidney

Question 4

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the renal fascia?

Answer 4

Renal pyramid

Question 5

What is the function of the renal columns?

Answer 5

They provide structure and support to the renal pyramids.

Question 6

The kidneys are located at the _________ wall of the abdominal cavity and are protected by the rib cage.

Answer 6

Rear

Question 7

The __________ is the funnel-shaped tube that is continuous with the ureter
and collects urine.

Answer 7

Renal pelvis

Question 8

The ___________ capsule covers the outer surface of the kidney and provides protection.

Answer 8

Fibrous

Question 9

The __________ are the conical or triangular structures found in the renal medulla.

Answer 9

Renal pyramids

Question 10

The apex of each renal pyramid projects into the renal sinus and is known as the ___________.

Answer 10

Renal papilla

Question 11

The column of Bertin is an anatomical variant consisting of a “mass-like” enlargement of the _________ tissue normally present between the renal
pyramids.

Answer 11

Cortical

Question 12

The potential space located between the liver and the right kidney is known as __________ .

Answer 12

Morrison’s pouch (hepatorenal recess)

Question 13

The _________ maintains water and electrolyte balance in the body as one
of its functions.

Answer 13

Kidney

Question 14

Which of the following structures enters the kidney through the renal hilum?

Answer 14

Renal artery

Question 15

What percentage of nephrons are cortical nephrons?

Answer 15

85%

Question 16

The renal artery is a branch of which major vessel?

Answer 16

Abdominal aorta

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a condition associated with abnormal kidney position or shape?

Answer 17

Renal agensesis

Question 18

Which vessel supplies the superior suprarenal artery to the adrenal glands?

Answer 18

Inferior Phrenic artery

Question 19

The ureter receives its blood supply from all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 19

Inferior phrenic artery

Question 20

The ________ is a slit on the medial aspect of the kidney where structures
enter and exit.

Answer 20

Renal hilum

Question 21

There are approximately ________ nephrons in each kidney.

Answer 21

1 million

Question 22

The functional units of the kidney that filter blood and form urine are known as __________ .

Answer 22

Nephrons

Question 23

The ___________ is the main artery supplying blood to the kidney and arises from the abdominal aorta.

Answer 23

Renal artery

Question 24

The fusion of the left and right inferior poles of the kidneys is known as a
________ kidney.

Answer 24

Horseshoe

Question 25

The ________ ureter is in close relationship with the inferior vena cava
(IVC) as it descends.

Answer 25

Right

Question 26

The right adrenal gland is ___________ shaped, whereas the left adrenal gland is crescent shaped.

Answer 26

Pyramidal

Question 27

The __________ artery supplies blood to the inferior portion of the adrenal
glands and is a branch of the renal artery.

Answer 27

Inferior suprarenal