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DABT > Kidney Tox C&D 8 > Flashcards

Kidney Tox C&D 8 Flashcards

1
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Glucose (g/day)

A

Glucose (g/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
180

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
180

Excreted (meq/24h):
0

Reabsorbed (%)
100%

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2
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Bicarbonate (meq/day)

A

Bicarbonate (meq/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
4320

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
4318

Excreted (meq/24h):
2

Reabsorbed (%)
>99.9

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3
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Sodium (meq/day)

A

Sodium (meq/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
25,560

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
25,410

Excreted (meq/24h):
150

Reabsorbed (%)
99.4

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4
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Chloride (meq/day)

A

Chloride (meq/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
19,440

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
19,260

Excreted (meq/24h):
180

Reabsorbed (%)
99.1

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5
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Water (L/day)

A

Water (L/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
169

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
167.5

Excreted (meq/24h):
1.5

Reabsorbed (%)
99.1

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6
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Urea (g/day)

A

Urea (g/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
48

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
24

Excreted (meq/24h):
24

Reabsorbed (%)
50

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7
Q

14-1 Filtration, Reabsorption, and Excretion Rates of Different Substances by the Kidneys*

(*Glomerular filtration rate: 125 ml/min = 180 L/24h)

Creatinine (g/day)

A

Creatinine (g/day)

Filtered (meq/24h):
1.8

Reabsorbed (meq/24h):
0

Excreted (meq/24h):
1.8

Reabsorbed (%)
0

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8
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Prerenal

A

Prerenal:

Diuretics
Angiotensin receptor antagonists
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Antihypertensive agents

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9
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Vasoconstriction

A

Vasoconstriction:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Radiocontrast agents
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Amphotericin B
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10
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Crystalluria

A

Crystalluria:

Sulfonamides
Methotrexate
Acyclovir
Triamterene
Ethylene glycol
Protease inhibitors
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11
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Tubular toxicity

A

Tubular toxicity:

Aminoglycosides
Cisplatin
Vancomycin
Pentamidine
Radiocontrast agents
Heavy metals
Haloalkane- and haloalkene cysteine conjugates
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12
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Endothelial injury

A

Endothelial injury:

Cyclosporine
Mitomycin C
Tacrolimus
Cocaine
Conjugated estrogens
Quinine
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13
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Glomerulopathy

A

Glomerulopathy:

Gold
Penicillamine
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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14
Q

14-2 Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Acute Renal Failure

Interstitial nephritis

A

Interstitial nephritis:

Antibiotics
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Diuretics

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15
Q

14-3 Models to Study Renal Function

In Vivo

A 
In Vivo:
Continuous microperfusion
Stopped-flow microperfusion
Free-flow micropuncture
Confocal microscopy
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16
Q

14-3 Models to Study Renal Function

Ex Vivo

A

Ex Vivo:
Isolated perfused kidney
Isolated perfused tubules

17
Q

14-3 Models to Study Renal Function

In Vitro

A 
In Vitro:
Renal slides
Freshly isolated and purified glomeruli
Freshly isolated and purified tubular segments
Freshly isolated and purified proximal tubular epithelial cells
Primary cultures of renal cells:
Tubular epithelial cells
Glomerular cells
Fibroblasts
Immortalized renal epithelial cell lines:
LLC-PK1
MDCK
NRK-52E
OK
HK-2
18
Q

14-4 Selected signaling kinases involved in renal cell injury, survival, or repair
Protein Kinase C

A

Conventional: PKC alpha

location:
proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
Cisplatin, DCVC (S-(1,2)-Dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine)

Novel: PKC epsilon

location:
proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
TBHP (t-Butylhydroperoxide)

19
Q

14-4 Selected signaling kinases involved in renal cell injury, survival, or repair
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
ERK1/2

A

ERK1/2

location:
proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
Cisplatin, H2O2, TBHP, TGHQ (2,3,5-tris-(Glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone

20
Q

14-4 Selected signaling kinases involved in renal cell injury, survival, or repair
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
JNK/SAPK

A

JNK/SAPK

location:
proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
Cisplatin

21
Q

14-4 Selected signaling kinases involved in renal cell injury, survival, or repair
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
P38

A

P38

location:
proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
Cisplatin, H2O2, TGHQ (2,3,5-tris-(Glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone

22
Q

14-4 Selected signaling kinases involved in renal cell injury, survival, or repair
Protein kinase B

A

Protein kinase B

location:
LLC-PK1, Proximal tubules

nephrotoxicant:
Cisplatin, mechanical injury, H2O2, DCVC

DABT (6 decks)

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