Kidney Structure and Function

Question 1

2-step process to urine

Answer 1

1. Body fluid is collected
2. The composition of the collected fluid is adjusted by selective reabsorption or secretion

Question 2

What excretory system do flatworms have

Answer 2

Protonephridia

Question 3

Structure of Protonephridia

Answer 3

Consisting of a branching network of dead-end tubules. These are capped by a flame bulb with a tuft of cilia that draws water and solutes from the interstitial fluid, through the flame bulb, and into the tubule system.

Question 4

Annelids kidney structure and function

Answer 4

Each segment of a worm has a pair of metanephridia.
* Consists of internal openings that collect body fluids through a ciliated funnel, the nephrostome, and release the fluid through the coo.

Question 5

Insect excretory systems

Answer 5

Malpighian tubules

Question 6

Function of Malpighian tubules

Answer 6

remove nitrogenous wastes and also function in osmoregulation.

Question 7

How do Malphigian Tubules work

Answer 7

1. The transport epithelium lining the tubules secretes
   solutes from the haemolymph into the lumen of the tubule.
2. Water follows the solutes into the tubule by osmosis
3. Fluid then passes back to the rectum, where solutes are pumped back into the haemolymph.
4. Water again follows the solutes, and the nitrogenous wastes, primarily insoluble uric acid, are eliminated along with the faeces

Question 8

Structure of kidney

Answer 8

About 10cm long, supplied with blood by a renal artery and a renal vein.

Question 9

How does urine exit the kidney

Answer 9

Through a duct called the ureter, and both ureters drain through a common urinary bladder

Question 10

2 regions of the kidney

Answer 10

Outer renal cortex, inner renal medulla

Question 11

What are nephrons

Answer 11

excretory tubules

Question 12

What is the structure of nephrons

Answer 12

Each nephron consists of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries, called the glomerulus

Question 13

What does the blind end of the tubule form

Answer 13

A Cup-shaped swelling, called bowmans capsule, the surrounds the glomerulus

Question 14

Golmerulus

Answer 14

Ball of capillaries at the end of a tubule in a nephron

Question 15

How does filtration occur in the kidneys

Answer 15

1. blood pressure forces fluid from the blood in the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule
2. Porous capillaries are permeable to water & smaller solutes but not large molecules such as blood cells or plasma proteins

Question 16

what does the filtrate in bowmans capsule contain

Answer 16

Salt, glucose, vitamins, nitrogenous wastes, and other small molecules

Question 17

From the Bowmans capsule, filtrate passes through which three reigons of the nephron

Answer 17

The proximal tubule, the loop of Henle (a hairpin turn with a descending and ascending limb, and the distal tubule

Question 18

What is a collecting duct

Answer 18

The distal tubule empties into a collecting duct which receives processed filtrate from many nephrons.

Question 19

Cortical nephrons

Answer 19

Short, 80%

Question 20

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 20

Long, 20%