kidney stones Flashcards
How are kidney stones formed?
calcium. oxalate, phosphorous!
RF for kidney stones?
poor fluid intake, dehydration, high protein, high suga, high sodium, obes. hypercalciuria, cystic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, gout.
what meds place someone at risk for stones?
diuretics, caclium based antacids, indinavir, topiramate.
signs of kidney stones?
pink, red, brown urine, sharp pain in back or lower abdomen, n/v, urge to urinate!
calcium oxolate stones or calcium phosphat stones caused by?
oxolate - fruit, veggies, nuts, chocolate
phoasphate - urine calcoum and alkaline urine
what causes uric acide stones?
persistent acidic urine, high protein diet, dehydration.
Cause of struvite stones?
kidney infections
cause cystine stones?
genetic disorder!
diagnostics for stones!
x ray or CT scan
CT bsest because x ray miss small stones.
tx stones?
small - pass on own. give analgesics and alpha blocker to help pass. IV hydration if n/v and deydrated.
SWL or shoch wave lithotripsy can help them break into smaller pieces.
larger stones - percutaneous nephrolithotomy. followed by pehrostomy tube to drain fragements.
drink fluid 2-3 L per day.
calclium supplelemnts should be taken with meals. reduce oxolate ricj foods, animal protein, sodium.
