Kidney shit and related hormones

Question 1

What hormones are produced by the kidney?

Answer 1

1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, Erythropoietin, Renin and Aldosterone (RAAS)

Question 2

What 3 things are regulated by the kidney?

Answer 2

1. Regulates fluid in the body
2. Regulates electrolytes
3. Regulates blood pressure

Question 3

The kidney will also play a moderate role in what process during fasting?

Answer 3

gluconeogenesis

Question 4

The kidneys regulate fluids in the body by reabsorption of what 3 things? Where does this reabsorption occur?

Answer 4

Water, glucose, and amino acids in the tubules of the kidney

Question 5

What type of diabetes is associated with decreased secretion of ADH, excess urine output (polyuria), and excess thirst?

Answer 5

Central diabetes insipidus

Question 6

What type of diabetes is associated with abnormalities in kidneys, *decreased sensitivity to ADH, and an increased secretion of ADH?

Answer 6

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 7

What is the affect on blood pressure seen with both types of diabetes insipidus?

Answer 7

hypotension

Question 8

Which hormone produced by the kidney functions to stimulate development of the RBC in the bone marrow?

Answer 8

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 9

What condition within renal tissue leads to an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)

Answer 9

hypoxia

Question 10

EPO stimulates RBC formation through what type of cells in the bone marrow in response to hypoxia?

Answer 10

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 11

Where is EPO produced within the body of a fetus?

Answer 11

Liver…not kidney

Question 12

What hormone can be used as a treatment for Anemia and has been misused as a PED in sports?

Answer 12

EPO (increase of RBC causes an increase in oxygen)

Question 13

What is the general function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

Answer 13

Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body

Question 14

When blood pressure drops, how is are the levels of kidney filtration affected?

Answer 14

filtration also decreases

Question 15

How does RAAS work in response to decrease kidney filtration from a decrease of BP (baroreceptors in the carotid sinus)?

Answer 15

Increase glomerular filtration through renal absorption

Question 16

Angiotensin II has what affect on blood vessels?

Answer 16

causes them to constrict

Question 17

Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of what other hormone from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 17

Aldosterone

Question 18

What disease is associated with RAAS?

Answer 18

“Kidney disease”

Question 19

Aldosterone is secreted from what part of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 19

Zona glomerulosa

Question 20

Aldosterone increases reabsorption of what 2 substances?

Answer 20

sodium and water

Question 21

Aldosterone has what affect of BP and fluid volume?

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

What hormone works to compensate during diabetes insipidus?

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

What type of cells are part of juxtaglomerular complex in the first portion of *distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 23

Macula densa cells

Question 24

What cells sense sodium and chloride ions in the tubular fluid?

Answer 24

Macula densa cells

Question 25

Macula densa cells sense elevated sodium chloride ions which stimulates the release of what hormone in the juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 25

Renin

Question 26

Macula densa cells affect the osmolarity of what?

Answer 26

plasma

Question 27

What hormone regulates amount of water excreted by kidneys?

Answer 27

ADH

Question 28

ADH is released from which area of the brain?

Answer 28

Posterior pituitary

Question 29

Reabsorption of water caused by ADH occurs in what structure of the kidney?

Answer 29

renal tubules

Question 30

What brain structure monitors amount of water in blood?

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

Central Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a decrease of ADH, therefor representing a decreased function of what brain structure?

Answer 31

Posterior Pituitary

Question 32

What is the site of synthesis for Renin? Angiotensin?

Answer 32

Renin = Kidney
Angiotensin = Liver

Question 33

Angiotensin I from the liver is converted into Angiotensin II by what enzyme found in the lungs?

Answer 33

ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)