Digestive Cockmones

Question 1

Where is Somatostatin (SS) found?

Answer 1

D cells in GI tract

Question 2

What affect does SS have on gastrin/gastric acid secretion, secretin, insulin, and glucagon?

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

SS INCREASES the release of what?

Answer 3

somatotropic hormone (STH)

Question 4

A pituitary tumor is associated with what hormone?

Answer 4

Somatostatin

Question 5

Gastrin is released from where?

Answer 5

G cells in the stomach

Question 6

What is the function of Gastrin? What is a potent stimulator of Gastrin?

Answer 6

Stimulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth

Calcium ions are a potent stimulator of gastrin

Question 7

What 3 things does Gastrin stimulate for secretion?

Answer 7

• Protein
• Distention
• Nerve (acid inhibits release)

Question 8

Gastrin increases histamine release from what cells?

Answer 8

enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL)

Question 9

When does Gastrin (triggered by smell/taste of food) increase? decrease?

Answer 9

increase - during food intake

decreases - between meals

Question 10

An increase in pH, distention of the stomach, partially digested proteins, small peptides, and amino acids ALL have what affect on gastrin secretion?

Answer 10

increases gastrin secretion

Question 11

Grehlin, in the stomach, has what function?

Answer 11

Stimulates appetite

Question 12

Grehlin, in the hypothalamus, has what function?

Answer 12

Acts as neuropeptide

Question 13

What hormone modulates feeding behavior when the stomach is empty, stimulating appetite and gastric motility?

Answer 13

Grehlin

Question 14

Where is CCK secreted from?

Answer 14

I cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 15

What hormone is responsible for the feeling of satiety, reducing appetite?

Answer 15

CCK

Question 16

CCK is the most important stimuli for what?

Answer 16

gallbladder contraction (inhibits gastric emptying)

Question 17

Secretin is released from where?

Answer 17

S cells in the duodenum and jejunum

Question 18

What is the function of secretin?

Answer 18

Dilution and neutralization of stomach acid

Question 19

The presence of food in the small intestine initiates reversed enterogastric reflex inhibiting stomach secretion…this reflex is stimulated by what 3 things?

Answer 19

• Distended small bowel
• Presence of acid in upper intestine
• Presence of protein breakdown

Question 20

Where is Motilin secreted from?

Answer 20

M (enterochromaffin) cells in the small intestine

Question 21

What is the function of Motilin?

Answer 21

Controls peristalsis

Question 22

Where is Gastric Inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) released from?

Answer 22

K cells in the duodenum/jejunum

Question 23

What are the 2 functions of GIP?

Answer 23

• Reduces gastric acid secretion

- Stimulates release of insulin

Question 24

What are the 3 things GIP stimulates for secretion?

Answer 24

• proteins
• fats
• carbs

Question 25

What his the location of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)?

Answer 25

Nerve fibers of the GI tract and gut

Question 26

What is the function of VIP?

Answer 26

vasodilation, relaxing the gut

Question 27

What slight to moderate effect does VIP have on gastric secretion?

Answer 27

inhibits

Question 28

Where is Guanylin located at?

Answer 28

small intestine/colon

Question 29

What are the 2 functions of Guanylin?

Answer 29

• induces secretion of chloride

- regulates electrolytes and water intestinal fluid absorption