Kidney Lab Flashcards
True or False: The glomerular filtration rate in humans is such that in 24 hours, approximately 180 liters of filtrate is produced?
True
______ are responsible for driving protein free fluid out of the glomerular capillaries and into Bowman’s capsule.
Starling forces
What hormone is responsible for increasing the water permeability of the collecting duct, allowing water to flow to areas of higher solute concentration?
Antidiuretic Hormone
_____ acts on the distal convoluted tubule to cause sodium to be reabsorbed and potassium to be excreted.
Aldosterone
Under what conditions would excess glucose be eliminated in the urine?
When all glucose carriers are bound with the glucose they are transporting.
What type of organ is the kidney?
excretory and regulatory organ
What are the functions of the kidney?
They regulate
- plasma osmolarity
- plasma volume
- the body’s acid-base balance
- the body’s electrolyte balance
What do the kidney’s excrete?
They excrete excess water, waste products, and even foreign materials from the body.
afferent arteriole
supplies blood to the glomerulus
glomerular filtration
is a passive process in which fluid passes form the lumen of the glomerular capillary into the glomerular capsule of the renal tubule.
efferent arteriole
carrying blood out away from the glomerulus.
What are the three functions of nephron that process blood into filtrate and urine?
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
moves most of the filtrate back into the blood, leaving mainly salt water and the wastes in the lumen of the tubule.
tubular secretion
can rid the blood of additional unwanted substances
pertibular capillaries
reclaim the reabsorbed substances and return them to general circulation.
Starting at the renal corpuscle, list the components of the renal tubule as they encountered by filtrate,
Glomerulus Bowmans Capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Urine
What is the range of filtration rate in a human?
ranges from 80 to 140 ml/min, so that, in 24 hours, as much as 180 liters of filtrate is produced by the glomeruli.
Describe the effect of DECREASING the EFFERENT arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate.
Both pressure and filtration rate increased.
Describe the effect of INCREASING the AFFERENT arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate.
Both glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate increased.
Describe the effect of DECREASING the AFFERENT arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate.
It decreased both the glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate.
Describe the effect of INCREASING the EFFERENT arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate.
The glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate decreased.
What are the components of the renal corpuscle?
Bowman’s capsule and Glomerulus.
Increase Blood Pressure = ?
Increase glomerular filtration rate
Increase afferent arteriole rate = ?
Increase glomerular filtration rate
Decrease efferent arteriole radius = ?
Increased filtration rate
What happens to the concentration of glucose in the urinary bladder as the number of glucose carriers increases?
The concentration of glucose decreases when glucose carriers increased?
How did the addition of both aldosterone and ADH affect urine volume (compared with baseline)?
The urine volume decreased.
Aldosterone
is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex under the control of the body’s renin-angiotensin system.
What is the principal determinant for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?
It releases aldosterone when there is a detection of decrease in BP.
