Endocrine System Lab

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

is the broad range of biochemical reactions occurring in the body. It includes anabolism and catabolism.

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

is the building up of small molecules into larger, more complex molecules via enzymatic reactions.

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

is the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions. The breaking of chemical bonds in catabolism releases energy that the cell can use to perform various activities, such as forming ATP.

Question 4

Thyroxine

Answer 4

the most important hormone for maintaining metabolism and body heat

Question 5

Hormones are chemicals secreted from ____ glands.

Answer 5

endocrine

Question 6

_____ ensure that if the body needs a hormone it will be produced until there is too much of it.

Answer 6

Negative feedback mechanism

Question 7

After menopause, the ovaries will stop producing and secreting:

Answer 7

Estrogen

Question 8

_____ is the hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that allows our cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

when the pancreas produces enough sufficient insulin but the body fails to respond to it.

Question 11

What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat’s BMR?

Answer 11

The metabolic rate increased.

Question 12

What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat’s BMR?

Answer 12

It increased.

Question 13

What was the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) injections on the rat’s BMR? Why did this rat develop a palpable goiter?

Answer 13

It slowed the metabolic rate. PTU inhibits production of thyroxine.

Question 14

Why were ovariwctomized rats used in this experiment? How does the fact that the rate are ovariwctomized explain their baseline T scores?

Answer 14

Each has a baseline T score of -2.61 indicating OSTEOPOROSIS.

Question 15

Endocrine system

Answer 15

coordinates and integrates the functions of different physiological systems. It’s a critical role in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 16

Endocrine glands

Answer 16

secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid compartments.

Question 17

____ are fast-acting hormones that attach to a plasma-membrane receptor and cause a second-messenger cascade in the cytoplasm of the target cell.

Answer 17

Peptide and catecholamine hormones

Question 18

Tropic hormones

Answer 18

stimulate the secretion of other hormones.

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released back into the blood.

Question 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 20

is an anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth.

Question 21

osteopenia

Answer 21

bone thinning T scores = -1.0 to -2.49

Question 22

calcitonin

Answer 22

(secreted the thyroid glands) is a peptide hormone that counteract the development of osteoporosis.

Question 23

Cortisol

Answer 23

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, is important in the body’s response to many kids of stress.