Kidney functions vs Hemodialysis Flashcards
Semipermeable membrane is
A semipermeable membrane is a thin sheet of natural or synthetic material that allows some small particles to pass through, while blocking other, larger ones. During hemodialysis, the dialyzer provides the doorway through which solutes move and the dialysate solution provides the concentration gradient.(ex.blood vessels walls, blood cells, peritoneum)
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from the side with the (higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration.) This difference in solute concentration on each side of the membrane is the concentration gradient. The higher the concentration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops. We remove wastes from the blood and balance electrolytes through diffusion.
Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration removes water from the blood by pushing it across the semipermeable membrane, from the blood side within the dialyzer’s hollow fibers to the dialysate side.
Crenation
Crenation: The shrinkage of cells that occurs when the surrounding solution is hypertonic.
Systolic
Dystolic
Systolic: The pressure of the blood when the heart is contracting. The first or top number recorded of the blood pressure.
Diastolic: The pressure of the blood when the heart is relaxing. The second, or bottom number
recorded of the blood pressure.
End Stage Kidney disease (ESKD)
Total and permanent kidney failure. When the kidneys fail, the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. A person with ESKD needs dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace the work of the failed kidneys.
MBD: Mineral Bone disease
MBD: Mineral Bone Disease: A systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either 1 or a combination of the following: Abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D metabolism. Abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength.
Peritoneal Dialysis
A dialysis modality
During peritoneal dialysis, dialysis solution is instilled through a permanent catheter into the peritoneal cavity and the patient’s peritoneal membrane is used to filter excess electrolytes, waste products, and fluid from the patient’s blood.
Peritoneal dialysis can be done in two ways:
▪ CAPD – Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is a manual process
▪ CCPD–ContinuousCyclingPeritonealDialysisisanautomatedprocessusingamachine, or cycler. This process is also referred to as APD (automated peritoneal dialysis)
In-Center Hemodialysis
Outpatient tx modality
In center self care teaches pts and provides advice and assistance to pts.
Peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs. It is comprised of two layers, which ultimately form a continuous membrane.
Parietal Peritoneum
parietal peritoneum is the outer layer and lines the abdominal wall.
Visceral peritoneum
larger of the two layers, the visceral peritoneum or inner layer, is wrapped around the internal organs. Not all abdominal organs are wrapped the kidneys are not they are retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)
Home Hemodialysis
Home based tx modality (HHD)
Convection
Convection or (solute drag is when solutes move with the water) across the semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from the side with the (lower solute concentration to the side with the higher) solute concentration. This process eventually results in the equilibration of the solute on both sides of the semipermeable membrane.
