Infectious Disease Flashcards
Nosocomial
nosocomial infections are infections that patients contracted while at the hospital. (HAI) Hospital Associated Infections. Patients come to the hospital to receive care yet, in the case of nosocomial infections, they leave with what is known as a preventable “complication” after being infected by a transmissible pathogen.
Direct and Indirect Transmission
The definitive difference is whether or not the phlebotomist passes the contagion (direct transmission) or if the contagion is passed on through supplies or equipment (indirect transmission).
AIIR
Airborne infection isolation room
Airborne Precautions
Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected of being infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
Airborne Transmission
Transmission of disease by dispersal of evaporated droplet nuclei containing an infectious agent
Antiseptics
Substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria and are used to clean the skin
Aseptic technique
Used to reduce the chance of microbial contamination. Keep objects or area sterile.(used throughout hemodialysis procedure.)
Asepsis
Condition of being free of contamination or germs (microbes) that could cause disease
Aseptic
Sterile or pathogen free
Bacteremia
Bacteria in the blood
Biocide
A chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of living organisms
C. difficile Clostridium difficile
The most commonly reported HAI pathogenic microorganism. Bleach 3x 10min air dry
Causative agent
The pathogen responsible for causing an infection. Infectious agent
Contact Precautions
Precautions used in addition to standard precautions when a patient is known or suspected of being infected or colonized with epidemiologically important microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with surfaces.
Contact Transmission
Transfer of an Infectious agent to a susceptible host through direct or indirect contact.
Cross contamination
Unintentional transfer of something such as bacteria from one surface to another.
Direct Contact transmission
Transfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through close or intimate contact (touching,kissing)
Disinfectants
Substances or solutions used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments.
DRG
Drug related groups
Droplet Precautions
Precautions used in addition to standard precautions when a patient is known or suspected of being infected microorganisms transmitted by droplets (particles larger than 5um) generated when a pt talks,coughs,sneezes and certain procedures like suctioning.
Droplet Transmission
Transfer of infectious agent to mucous membranes of the mouth nose or conjunctiva of the eyes via infectious droplets “”
Fomites
Inanimate objects such as countertops and computer keyboards that can harbor material contains infectious agents
Healthcare infection control practices advisory committee (HICPAC)
Federal est in 1991 that advises the CDC on updating guidelines regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections
Isolation Procedures
Procedures intended to separate pts with certain transmissible infections from contact with others. HEP B
Sterile
Free from live bacteria or other microorganisms
Clean
Not sterile, but disinfected such as a cleaned dialysis chair or clean supplies, blue pads or tape
Contaminated
A sterile or clean item has come in contact with a non-sterile object
Dirty
Neither sterile or clean but visibly contaminated.
Bleach
1% = 1:100 is 1000ml only 10ml bleach. Used for surfaces, equip.
10%= 1:10 is 1000ml only 100ml bleach. Used for blood and contaminants.
