Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

antecubital fossa

Answer 1

The area of the arm that is anterior to and below the elbow where the major veins for venipuncture are located (Major/Superficial veins)

Question 2

Dorsal

Answer 2

the back of the hand and lower arm

Question 3

Flexor

Answer 3

The flat surface of the forearm

Question 4

Volar

Answer 4

The palm of the hand

Question 5

Wrist

Answer 5

Area just above the thumb

Question 6

Cephalic Vein

Answer 6

2nd choice antecubital vein. H shaped.located in lateral aspect of AC. Thumb side.

Question 7

Adrenals:

Answer 7

Endocrine system glands on top of the kidneys that produce hormones that are especially active during stress such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and aldosterone which helps the kidneys to regulate sodium and potassium in the blood.

Question 8

Acidosis

Answer 8

Dangerous condition in which the ph of the blood is abnormally low (acidic)

Question 9

Alkalosis

Answer 9

Dangerous condition in which the PH of the blood is abnormally high (alkaline)

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

Constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body.

Question 11

Alveoli

Answer 11

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Question 12

Anaerobic

Answer 12

Without air

Question 13

Aerobic

Answer 13

With Air

Question 14

Agranulocytes

Answer 14

White blood cells WBC’s that lack granules or have extremely fine granules that are not easy to see.

Question 15

Anemia

Answer 15

An abnormal reduction in the number of red blood cells RBC’s in the circulating blood

Question 16

Antibody

Answer 16

Protein substance manufactured by the body in response to a foreign protein or antigen and directed against it.

Question 17

Antigen

Answer 17

Substance that causes the formation of antibodies directed against it.

Question 18

Antiglycolytic agent

Answer 18

Substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose by blood cells (sodium fluoride)

Question 19

Antimicrobial

Answer 19

An antibiotic used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Question 20

Antimicrobial removal device (ARD)

Answer 20

Blood culture bottle containing a resin that removes Antimicrobials (antibiotics) from a blood specimen

Question 21

Antiseptics

Answer 21

Substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria and are used to clean the skin

Question 22

Aorta

Answer 22

The largest artery in the body, arising from the left ventricle of the heart; it is approximately 1” (2.5cm) in diameter

Question 23

Arrhythmia

Answer 23

Irregularity in the heart rate, rhythm, or beat

Question 24

Arteries

Answer 24

Arteries: Blood vessels that travel from the heart to deliver oxygen to the tissues of the human body. These should not be pierced during venipuncture.

Question 25

Arterioles

Answer 25

The smallest branches of arteries, which join with the capillaries

Question 26

Arterialized

Answer 26

Arterial composition of capillary blood has been increased by warming the site to increase blood flow.

Question 27

Arteriospasm

Answer 27

A reflex (involuntary) contraction of the artery that can be caused by pain or irritation during needle penetration of the artery muscle or that may result from a patients anxiety during arterial puncture

Question 28

Acute Kidney injury

Answer 28

Sudden and temporary loss of kidney function.

Question 29

Crenation

Answer 29

Crenation: The shrinkage of cells that occurs when the surrounding solution is hypertonic.

Question 30

Diastolic

Answer 30

Diastolic: The pressure of the blood when the heart is relaxing. The second, or bottom number
recorded of the blood pressure.

Question 31

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD):

Answer 31

Total and permanent kidney failure. When the kidneys fail, the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. A person with ESKD needs dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace the work of the failed kidneys.

Question 32

Hemolysis

Answer 32

Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells (when exposed to a hypotonic solution) which leads to the release of hemoglobin from within the red blood cells into the blood plasma.

Question 33

Hepatitis

Answer 33

Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver. May be caused by one or more viruses.HBV, HCV

Question 34

MBD: Mineral Bone Disease:

Answer 34

A systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either 1 or a combination of the following: Abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D metabolism. Abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength.

Question 35

Peritoneum:

Answer 35

Peritoneum: The membrane lining the peritoneal cavity.

Question 36

Peritoneal membrane

Answer 36

Peritoneal membrane: The porous, double layered, sac-like lining that surrounds the
abdominal organs in the body’s peritoneal cavity.

Question 37

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 37

Peritoneal dialysis: Cleaning the blood by using the lining of the abdominal cavity as a filter. A cleansing liquid, called dialysis solution, is drained from a bag into the abdomen. Fluids and wastes flow through the lining of the cavity and remain “trapped” in the dialysis solution.

Question 38

Petechiae

Answer 38

Petechiae: Tiny, circular, non-raised patches that appear on the skin or in a mucous or serous membrane. They occur as the result of bleeding under the skin.

Question 39

Pruritus

Answer 39

Pruritus: An itch or unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch.

Question 40

Stenosis

Answer 40

Stenosis: Is a narrowing of a body passageway.

Question 41

Systolic

Answer 41

Systolic: The pressure of the blood when the heart is contracting. The first or top number recorded of the blood pressure.

Question 42

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 42

Tuberculosis: A highly contagious infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.