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Clinical Chemistry > kidney function test > Flashcards

kidney function test Flashcards

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1
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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2
Q

responsible for REABSORPTION of Na+, Cl-, HCO3, and other anions, glucose, amino acids and proteins, urea and uric acid

A

PROXIMAL CONVULATED TUBULE

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3
Q

how many liters of dilute uine delivered to ascending loop of henle

A

25 liters

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4
Q

FINAL SITE for either concentrating or diluting urina

A

collecting duct

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5
Q

FUNCTION of the kidneys

A
  1. Ellimination of waste products
  2. Maintenance of blood volume
  3. Maintenance of acid base balance
  4. Maintenance of electrolyte balance
  5. Endocrine function
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6
Q

Tests for GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

A
  1. CLEARANCE
  2. CYSTATIN C
  3. BETA TRACE PROTEIN
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7
Q

BEST OVERALL INDICATOR OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

A

GFR

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8
Q

measure of the clearance of the normal molecule that is not bound to protein but freely filtered by the glomerulus neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubu;les

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

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9
Q

how many liters thus glomerular filtrate produced daily

A

150 liters

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10
Q

how many water thus glomerulus filtered daily

A

180 liters

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11
Q

alternatives to inulin clearance

A
  1. radioactive markers 125I- iothalamate and 99 mtc-DTPA
  2. iohexol and chromium51-labeled Edta (51Cr-EDTA)
  3. nonradiolabeled iothalamate
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12
Q

how many creatinine excreted per day?

A

1.2 - 1.5 g creatinine excreted/day

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13
Q

creatinine REFERENCE METHOD

A

INULIN CLEARANCE

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14
Q

NOT ROUTINELY DONE because of the necessity for continuous IV infusion and Timed urine collection over many hours

A

inulin clearance

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15
Q

excellent measure of renal function

A

creatine clearance

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16
Q

ESTIMATE the amount of plasma that must be flowed through the kidney glomeruli/minutes

A

creatinine clearance

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17
Q

measure completeness of 24 hour urine collection

A

CREATININE CLEARANCE

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18
Q

PROGRESS OF RENAL DISEASE OR RESPONSE TO THERAPY

A

UREA CLEARANCE

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19
Q

increase MORE rapidly than creatinine in the early stages of GFR impairement

A

cystatin c

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20
Q

to asses GFR among PEDIATRICS and ELDERLY patients and renal transplant patients

A

CYSTATIN C

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21
Q

low molecular weight glycoprotein

A

beta trace protein

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22
Q

low molecular weight protease inhibitor

A

cystatin c

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23
Q

function as PROSTAGLANDIN D SYNTHASE

A

BETA TRACE PROTEIN

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24
Q

increased:

a. Acute and chronic renal failure
b. diabetic nephropathy

A

cystatin c

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25
Q 
increased:
a. burn
b. pregnancy
c, carbon monoxide poisoning
d. high cardiac output
A

creatine clearance

26
Q

increased:

renal disease

A

beta trace protein

27
Q

test for RENAL BLOOD FLOW

A
  1. BUN
  2. CREATININE
  3. BUA
28
Q

FIRST METABOLITE TO ELEVATE IN kidney disease?

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

29
Q

how many UREA excreted DAILY?

A

25g

30
Q

BUN:Crea ratio

A

10:1 OR 20:1

31
Q

It is added to ENHANCE THE COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN BUN???????

A

THIOSEMICARBAZIDE

FERRIC IONS

32
Q

creatinine is derived from?

A

creatine (alpha methyl guanidoacetic acid)

33
Q

NOT easily removed by the dialysis

A

creatinine

34
Q

easily removed by the dialysis

A

bun

35
Q

soley WASTE PRODUCT/ not reused in body metabolism

A

creatinine

36
Q

what are the JAFFE REAGENT?

A
  1. saturated picric acid

2. 10% NaOH

37
Q

SODIUM aluminum silicate?

a. Lloyd’s reagent
b. Fuller’s earth reagent

A

SODIUM aluminum silicate?

a. Lloyd’s reagent

38
Q

sensitive but NOT SPECIFIC in methods of creatinine?

a. folin wu method
b. llyod’s or fuller method
c. kinetic jaffe method

A

sensitive but NOT SPECIFIC in methods of creatinine?

a. folin wu method

39
Q

methods form JANOVSKY like reaction?

a. kinetic jaffe medthod
b. direct jaffe method
c. glutamate dehydrogenase method

A

methods form JANOVSKY like reaction?

a. kinetic jaffe medthod

40
Q 
potential to replace jaffe method?
specific than jaffe method?
a. idms
b. creatinine aminohyrolase method/ CK method
c. creatinase hydrogen peroxide method
A

potential to replace jaffe method?
specific than jaffe method?

c. creatinase hydrogen peroxide method

41
Q

elevated concentrations of nitrogenous substances?

A

azotemia

42
Q

causes:
> acute/ chronic renal DISEASE
>glomerulonephritis

A

renal azotemia

43
Q

causes:
>dehydration
> congestive heart failure
> shock

A

pre renal azotemia

44
Q

responsible for the changes in RED CELL SHAPE WITH BURR CELLS(ECHNOCYTES) AND ELLIPSOIDAL CELLS

A

UREMIA

45
Q

MARKED ELEVATION OF PLASMA UREA AND NITROGENOUS WASTE PRODUCT, ACIDEMIA AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

A

UREMIA

46
Q

good indicator of nitrogen intake and state of hydration

a. creatinine
b. bua
c. bun

A

good indicator of nitrogen intake and state of hydration

c. bun

47
Q

used to evaluate fetal kidney maturity?

a. creatinine
b. bun
c. bua

A

used to evaluate fetal kidney maturity?

a. creatinine

48
Q

(+) BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID?

a. gout
b. increased renal metabolism
c. lesch nylan syndrome

A

(+) BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID?

a. gout

49
Q

how many URIC ACID excreted normally?

A

1 gram

50
Q

major product or PURINE catabolism?

a. bun
b. creatinine
c. bua

A

major product or PURINE catabolism?

c. bua

51
Q

hypouricemia, except?

a. fanconi’s syndrome
b. lesch nylan syndrome
c. hodgkin syndrome
d. wilson’s disease

A

hypouricemia, except?

b. lesch nylan syndrome

52
Q

specific method in bua?

A

uricase method

53
Q

specimen for concentration test?

A

first morning urine

54
Q

osmolality is determined by measuring the colligative property such as__________

A

freezing point
vapor pressure
osmotic pressure
boiling point

55
Q

is the difference between MEASURED and CALCULATED plasma osmolality?

A

osmolal gap

56
Q

POPULAR METHOD in osmolality

a. vapor pressure osmometry
b. freezing point osmometry
c. boiling point osmometry

A

POPULAR METHOD in osmolality

b. freezing point osmometry

57
Q

measures the RENAL PLASMA FLOW

A

para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)

58
Q

measures excretion of the dye proportional to renal tubular mass

A

phenolsulfonthalein dye test

59
Q

In this method it requires clearance of the dye

a. phenolsulfonthalein dye test
b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)

A

In this method it requires clearance of the dye

b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)

60
Q

is the SIMPLEST TEST OF RENAL CONCENTRATING ABILITY?

a. phenolsulfonthalein dye test
b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)
c. specific gravity
d. osmolality

A

is the SIMPLEST TEST OF RENAL CONCENTRATING ABILITY?

c. specific gravity

Clinical Chemistry (4 decks)

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