kidney (fluid & elec)

Question 1

Prerenal azotemia

Answer 1

caused by poor blood flow to kidneys (hypovolemic shock, heart failure most common)

Question 2

Intrarenal

Answer 2

caused by physical, chemical, hypoxic, or immunologic damage to kidney tissue (nephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal artery stenosis)

Question 3

Postrenal

Answer 3

obstruction of kidney collecting system anywhere within kidney or urinary tract (bladder atony, urethral stricture, ureter, bladder, urethral cancer).

Question 4

phases of AKI

Answer 4

onset, oliguric, diuretic, recovery

Question 5

prerenal manifestations

Answer 5

Hypotension, tachycardia, ↓cardiac output, ↓urine output, lethargy.

Question 6

intra & post renal manifestations

Answer 6

Renal: Oliguria, ↑specific gravity
Cardiac: ↑ HTN, ↑ PR, jugular venous distension, EKG changes
Respiratory: SOB, orthopnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flank pain
Neurologic: lethargy, tremors, confusion
General manifestations: generalized edema, weight gain

Question 7

drug treatment for AKI

Answer 7

digoxin

Question 8

treatment for AKI

Answer 8

hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 9

CKD

Answer 9

progressive, irreversible kidney injury

caused by: glomerular disease, tubular disease

Question 10

complications of ARF

Answer 10

hyperkalemia, hypertension, water intoxication

Question 11

uremia

Answer 11

raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys

Question 12

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 12

Preferred method in children

Warmed solution enters the peritoneal cavity by gravity and remains for a time before removal.

Question 13

hemodialysis

Answer 13

Achieves rapid correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities