Fluid & electrolytes

Question 1

Interstitial

Answer 1

fluid between the cells

Question 2

Vascular

Answer 2

fluid inside the blood vessels

Question 3

sodium

Answer 3

• 135-145
• Major contributor to maintaining water balance
• Regulated by dietary intake and aldosterone

Question 4

Hyponatremia

Answer 4

Na < 135mEq/L

caused by losses of GI, burns, diuretics, wound drainage

Question 5

Hypernatremia

Answer 5

Na>145mEq/L

High fever, heat stroke due to insensible water loss, diabetes insipidus

Question 6

Early Dehydration

Answer 6

• Dark urine with strong odor
• Headache
• Fatigue
• dry mouth

Question 7

Advanced Dehydration

Answer 7

• Sunken eyes
• Visual disturbances
• Painful urination
• Muscle spasm
• Delirium

Question 8

Potassium

Answer 8

• 3.5-5.0mEq/L
• Regulates metabolic activities
• transmission and conduction of nerve impulses and normal cardiac conduction and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction

Question 9

Hypokalemia

Answer 9

K<3.5 mEq/L

GI losses – diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, diaphoresis

Question 10

Hyperkalemia

Answer 10

K>5.0 mEq/L

acidosis, renal disease, potassium containing drugs, potassium supplements

Question 11

Calcium

Answer 11

4.5-5.5mEq/L

Necessary for bone & teeth formation, bld clotting, hormone secretion

Question 12

Hypocalcemia

Answer 12

chronic renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, pancreatitis, loop diuretics, diarrhea

Question 13

Hypercalcemia

Answer 13

multiple myeloma

Question 14

Pharmacotherapy

Answer 14

Diuretics, insulin, vasopressin