Kidney Failure

Question 1

Why do kidneys fail

Answer 1

Kidney infections
High blood pressure

Question 2

Kidney infections

Answer 2

Bacteria travel from bladder up to kidneys
Can cause inflammation
Damage structure of podocytes and tubules
Interfere w filtration and Reabsorption

Question 3

High blood pressure

Answer 3

Damage the glomeruli
Endothelial cells damaged
Basement membrane damaged

Question 4

Signs of kidney failure

Answer 4

Protein in the urine - bm and pod damaged no longer filter
Blood in the urine - damage filter system

Question 5

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 5

Volume of fluid filtered from the glomerulus into bowman’s capsule per unit of time cm3/min

Question 6

Rate of filtration

Answer 6

Not directly measured
Blood test measures levels of creatinine in the blood
Product of creatine phosphate
Excreted in the urine

Question 7

Diagnosing kidney failure with gfr

Answer 7

If levels of creatinine in blood go up signal not working properly
Will rise due to poor clearance by the kidneys

Question 8

Problems of kidney failure

Answer 8

Vomit and weight loss - urea in blood
Loss of electrolyte balance - cannot secrete excess ions osmotic imbalances
Weakened bones- phosphate ions decreas in Ca lead to brittle bones
Accumulation of fluid- body swell cannot remove excess H2O
High blood pressure- retention of salt and water
Anaemia - erythropoietin form rbcs reduce -> tiredness