KIDNEY DISSECTION REV Flashcards
outer layer of the kidney that contains millions of nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine
RENAL CORTEX
inner layer of the kidney that contains the renal pyramids and renal columns
RENAL MEDULLA
Triangular-shaped structures in the renal medulla that contain thousands of nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine
RENAL PYRAMIDS
Small, nipple-like projections at the apex of the renal pyramids where urine is emptied into the minor calyx
RENAL PAPILLAE
Areas of cortical tissue that extend between the renal pyramids, supporting and anchoring the renal cortex
RENAL COLUMNS
A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyx and transports it to the ureter
RENAL PELVIS
Cup-shaped structures that collect urine from the renal papillae
MINOR CALYX
Large, funnel-shaped structures that collect urine from the minor calyx and transport it to the renal pelvis.
MAJOR CALYX
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
NEPHRON
The part of the nephron responsible for filtering blood.
RENAL CORPOSCULE
A network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle where blood is filtered.
GLOMERULUS
A cup-like structure in the renal corpuscle that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered blood.
GLOMERULAR (BOWMAN’S CAPSULE)
The part of the nephron that processes the filtered blood and produces urine.
RENAL TUBULE
The first segment of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorbing nutrients and electrolytes from the filtered blood.
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
The concave medial border of the kidney where the renal blood vessels and ureter enter and exit.
RENAL HILUM
The arteries and veins that supply and drain blood from the kidney.
RENAL BLOOD VESSELS
muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder, transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder through a series of peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles in the ureter walls.
URETERS
a muscular sac located in the pelvis that stores urine until it is expelled from the body
URINARY BLADDER
a muscular tube that extends from the bladder to the external opening of the body
URETHRA (vagina; females and penis; males)
What is MICTURITION
Also known as urination, is the process by which urine is expelled from the body. This process involves the contraction of the muscular walls of the urinary bladder and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.
Explain URINE FORMATION
Glomerular filtration: Blood is filtered in the kidney to remove waste products and excess fluids.
Tubular reabsorption: Useful substances such as water, glucose, and amino acids are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
Tubular secretion: Certain substances such as hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and drugs are secreted into the urine to regulate acid-base balance and eliminate harmful substances from the body.
Step by step process of blood flow inside the kidney: (12 RIAIAGEPIAIR)
- Renal artery
- Interlobar artery
- Arcuate artery
- Interlobular artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Glomerulus
- Efferent arteriole
- Peritubular capillaries
- Interlobular vein
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar vein
- Renal vein
Step by step process of urine flow inside the kidney: (5 RMMRU)
- Renal papillae
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
3 layers that covers the kidney
- Renal Fascia - holds kidney in place; superficial
- Perirenal Fat or Adipose Fat - protects the kidney from any blows; middle layer
- Renal or Fibrous Capsule - smooth glistening covering made out of collagen and elastin encapsulating the kidney; innermpst
3 main regions of the kidney
Renal Cortex: This is the outermost layer of the kidney and contains the majority of the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
Renal Medulla: This is the middle layer of the kidney and is composed of renal pyramids, which are cone-shaped structures that contain tubules and collecting ducts responsible for transporting urine.
Renal Pelvis: This is the innermost region of the kidney and is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the minor and major calyces and transports it to the ureter for excretion out of the body.
Reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
Nephron loop
Regulates extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis.
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Main blood vessel that carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava
Renal blood vessels
