KIDNEY DISSECTION REV

Question 1

outer layer of the kidney that contains millions of nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine

Answer 1

RENAL CORTEX

Question 2

inner layer of the kidney that contains the renal pyramids and renal columns

Answer 2

RENAL MEDULLA

Question 3

Triangular-shaped structures in the renal medulla that contain thousands of nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine

Answer 3

RENAL PYRAMIDS

Question 4

Small, nipple-like projections at the apex of the renal pyramids where urine is emptied into the minor calyx

Answer 4

RENAL PAPILLAE

Question 5

Areas of cortical tissue that extend between the renal pyramids, supporting and anchoring the renal cortex

Answer 5

RENAL COLUMNS

Question 6

A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyx and transports it to the ureter

Answer 6

RENAL PELVIS

Question 7

Cup-shaped structures that collect urine from the renal papillae

Answer 7

MINOR CALYX

Question 8

Large, funnel-shaped structures that collect urine from the minor calyx and transport it to the renal pelvis.

Answer 8

MAJOR CALYX

Question 9

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Answer 9

NEPHRON

Question 10

The part of the nephron responsible for filtering blood.

Answer 10

RENAL CORPOSCULE

Question 11

A network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle where blood is filtered.

Answer 11

GLOMERULUS

Question 12

A cup-like structure in the renal corpuscle that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered blood.

Answer 12

GLOMERULAR (BOWMAN’S CAPSULE)

Question 13

The part of the nephron that processes the filtered blood and produces urine.

Answer 13

RENAL TUBULE

Question 14

The first segment of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorbing nutrients and electrolytes from the filtered blood.

Answer 14

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 15

The concave medial border of the kidney where the renal blood vessels and ureter enter and exit.

Answer 15

RENAL HILUM

Question 16

The arteries and veins that supply and drain blood from the kidney.

Answer 16

RENAL BLOOD VESSELS

Question 17

muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder, transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder through a series of peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles in the ureter walls.

Answer 17

URETERS

Question 18

a muscular sac located in the pelvis that stores urine until it is expelled from the body

Answer 18

URINARY BLADDER

Question 19

a muscular tube that extends from the bladder to the external opening of the body

Answer 19

URETHRA (vagina; females and penis; males)

Question 20

What is MICTURITION

Answer 20

Also known as urination, is the process by which urine is expelled from the body. This process involves the contraction of the muscular walls of the urinary bladder and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Question 21

Explain URINE FORMATION

Answer 21

Glomerular filtration: Blood is filtered in the kidney to remove waste products and excess fluids.

Tubular reabsorption: Useful substances such as water, glucose, and amino acids are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Tubular secretion: Certain substances such as hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and drugs are secreted into the urine to regulate acid-base balance and eliminate harmful substances from the body.

Question 22

Step by step process of blood flow inside the kidney: (12 RIAIAGEPIAIR)

Answer 22

1. Renal artery
2. Interlobar artery
3. Arcuate artery
4. Interlobular artery
5. Afferent arteriole
6. Glomerulus
7. Efferent arteriole
8. Peritubular capillaries
9. Interlobular vein
10. Arcuate vein
11. Interlobar vein
12. Renal vein

Question 23

Step by step process of urine flow inside the kidney: (5 RMMRU)

Answer 23

1. Renal papillae
2. Minor calyx
3. Major calyx
4. Renal pelvis
5. Ureter

Question 24

3 layers that covers the kidney

Answer 24

1. Renal Fascia - holds kidney in place; superficial
2. Perirenal Fat or Adipose Fat - protects the kidney from any blows; middle layer
3. Renal or Fibrous Capsule - smooth glistening covering made out of collagen and elastin encapsulating the kidney; innermpst

Question 25

3 main regions of the kidney

Answer 25

Renal Cortex: This is the outermost layer of the kidney and contains the majority of the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Renal Medulla: This is the middle layer of the kidney and is composed of renal pyramids, which are cone-shaped structures that contain tubules and collecting ducts responsible for transporting urine.

Renal Pelvis: This is the innermost region of the kidney and is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the minor and major calyces and transports it to the ureter for excretion out of the body.

Question 26

Reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate

Answer 26

Nephron loop

Question 27

Regulates extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis.

Answer 27

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 28

Main blood vessel that carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava

Answer 28

Renal blood vessels