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NCM 112: FLUIDS > Kidney Disorders > Flashcards

Kidney Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

It is a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months

An umbrella term tht describes kidney damage

A

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)

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2
Q

Untreated CKD can result to the final stage which is called ____. It results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapy such as dialysis or kidney transplantation

A

END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE (ESKD)

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3
Q

It is the hardening of the renal arteries due to prolonged hypertension, diabetes, aging, and other factors.

Individuals who has this disorder generally experience slowly elevating BUN & creatinine, and mild proteinuria

It is a major cause of CKD and ESKD

A

NEPHROSCLEROSIS

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4
Q

These are group of diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney.

It is a disease within the kidney itself

A

PRIMARY GLOMERULAR DISEASES

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5
Q

2 categories of glomerular diseases

A
  1. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
  2. GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
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6
Q

Inflammation of the glomerulus

A

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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7
Q

Scarring of the glomerulus

A

GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

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8
Q

It means that the kidney is inflamed due to an autoimmune disorder

A

PRIMARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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9
Q

It is an inflammation of the glomerular capillaries that can occur in acute and chronic forms

A

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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10
Q

It is a type of acute glomerulonephritis that causes hematuria due to glomerular bleeding together with pus (pyuria) & cellular and granular casts in the urine

A

ACUTE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

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11
Q

Abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

A

AZOTEMIA

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12
Q

This disease may be due to repeated episodes of acute nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, chronic tubulointerstitial injury or hemodynamically mediated glomerular sclerosis

A

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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13
Q

An autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the glomerular basement membrane, causing
kidney damage and bleeding in the lungs.

A

GOODPASTURE SYNDROME

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14
Q

A type of kidney disease characterized by increased glomerular permeability and is manifested by massive proteinuria

A

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

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15
Q

It is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which destroy the nephrons

A

POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD)

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16
Q

90% of this is derived from renal parenchyma and are also known as renal cell carcinoma or renal adenocarcinoma

A

RENAL CANCER

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17
Q

It is also known as renal adenocarcinoma

A

RENAL CARCINOMA

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18
Q

It is known as conventional or nonpapillary carcinomas

A

CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

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19
Q

These tumors may metastasize to the lungs, abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes, brain, bone, ad liver

A

PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

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20
Q

Surgical removal of the kidney

A

NEPHRECTOMY

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21
Q

It is the most common cancer in pediatric group.

A

NEPHROBLASTOMA (Wilms tumor)

22
Q

It results when the kidneys cannot remove the body’s metabolic wastes or perform their regulatory functions.

A

KIDNEY DISEASE

23
Q

It is is a rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys.

A

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

24
Q

Swelling of one or both kidneys.

It is a condition that occurs when a kidney swells and can’t get rid of the urine like it should

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS

25
Q

This becomes necessary if the kidney can no longer remove waste, maintain electrolytes, and regulate fluid balance.

It includes: Dialysis & Kidney Transplantation

A

RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY (RRT)

26
Q

It is a tx for acutely ill pt needing short-term dialysis (for pt with AKI) and for those with advanced CKD & ESKD.

This is to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the blood and remove excess fluid.

A

HEMODIAYLISIS

27
Q

It involves transplanting a kidney from a living or deceased donor to a recipient who no longer has renal function.

It is the treatment of choice for select and appropriately screened patients with ESKD.

A

KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

28
Q

A kidney injury that results from injury such as vehicle crashes, fall from high levels and assaults. The kidney can be thrust against the lower ribs resulting in contusion & rupture

A

RENAL TRAUMA

29
Q

Blunt renal trauma is classified into one of four groups:

A
  1. Contusion - bruises or hemorrhage under renal capsule
  2. Minor laceration: superficial disruption of the cortex
  3. Major laceration: parenchymal disruption
  4. Vascular Injury: tears of renal artery or vein
30
Q

These are caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract (the normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra).

A

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

31
Q

Infections in the lower urinary tract that includes bacterial cystitis, prostitis, and urethritis

A

LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

32
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

BACTERIAL CYSTITIS

33
Q

Inflammation of the prostate gland

A

BACTERIAL PROSTITIS

34
Q

Inflammation of the urethra

A

BACTERIAL URETHRITIS

35
Q

It is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys.

A

PYELONEPHRITIS

36
Q

It is process that involves several highly coordinated neurologic responses that mediate bladder function

A

MICTURATION

36
Q

Usually leads to enlargement of the
kidneys with interstitial infiltrations
of inflammatory cells.

Abscesses may be noted with the renal capsule and at the corticomedullary junction, leading to the destruction of tubules and glomeruli.

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

37
Q

It is the involuntary loss of urine through an intact urethra as a result
of exertion, sneezing, coughing, or changing position.

A

STRESS INCONTINENCE

37
Q

It is an unplanned, involuntary, or uncontrolled loss of urine from the bladder.

A

URINARY INCONTINENCE

38
Q

It is a dysfunction that results from a disorder or dysfunction of the nervous system and leads to urinary incontinence

A

NEUROGENIC BLADDER

38
Q

Types of Urinary Incontinence

A
  1. Stress - exertion, sneeze, cough
  2. Urge - strong urge; can’t suppress
  3. Functional - physical/cognitive impairment
  4. Iatrogenic - due to medications
  5. Mixed - several types of incontinence
  6. Overflow - continual leak of urine due to overdistended bladder

(SUFIMO)

38
Q

Inability to empty the bladder completely during attempts to void

A

URINARY RETENTION

39
Q

2 Types of Neurogenic Bladder

A
  1. Spastic
  2. Flaccid
40
Q

More common type of neurogenic bladder that is caused by any spinal cord lesion above the voiding reflex arc (upper motor neuron lesion)

This type of bladder empties on reflex, with minimal or no controlling influence to regulate its activity

A

SPASTIC BLADDER

41
Q

This is caused by a lower motor neuron lesion, commonly resulting from trauma. This form of neurogenic bladder is also increasingly being recognized in patients with diabetes

The bladder continues to fill and becomes greatly distended, and overflow incontinence occurs.

A

FLACCID BLADDER

41
Q

Most common type of stone (calculi)

A

CALCIUM STONE

41
Q

Examples of urinary diversions

A
  1. Ileal conduit
  2. Orthotopic bladder
  3. Indiana pouch
41
Q

Presence of stone (calculi) in the urinary tract

A

UROLITHIASIS

42
Q

Presence of stone (calculi) in the kidney.

A

NEPHROLITHIASIS

42
Q

It is the oldest and most common of the urinary diversion

A

ILEAL CONDUIT

42
Q

It is the construction of a new bladder from segments of intestines

A

ORTHOTOPIC NEOBLADDER

42
Q

These are procedures performed to divert urine from bladder to a new exit site through a stoma

A

URINARY DIVERSION

NCM 112: FLUIDS (4 decks)

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