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NCM 112: FLUIDS > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of fluid loss

A

INSENSIBLE - from skin & lungs

SENSIBLE - thru elimination, urination, defecation

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2
Q

Functions of Kidney

A
  1. Controls BP
  2. Controls water balance
  3. Regulate electrolytes
  4. Regulate acid-base balance
  5. Regulate RBC production
  6. Excretion of waste products
  7. Renal clearance
  8. Secretion of prostaglandins
  9. Synthesis of vit. D to active form
  10. Urine formation
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3
Q

It is the fluid surrounding an organ

A

TRANSCELLULAR FLUID

ex. CSF, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, pleural

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3
Q

What are the 2 fluid compartments? Describe.

A

Intracellular fluid (within cell) - 2/3 of body fluids

Extracellular fluid (outside the cell) - 1/3 of body fluid, transports electrolytes, carries substances

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3
Q

Function of body fluids

A
  1. Maintain blood volume
  2. Regulate body temp
  3. Transport material to & from cellular metabolism
  4. Assist w/ food digestion
  5. Medium for excreting waste
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3
Q

Where is ICF primarily located

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS

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3
Q

Primary solutes found in the ICF

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Electrolytes
  3. Oxygen
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4
Q

How many percent does of fluid compromises the typical adult weight

A

60%

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4
Q

Components of ECF

A
  1. Intravascular (in blood vessels) - plasma
  2. Interstitial (bet. cells/surrounding cells)
  3. Transcellular (fluid in organs)
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4
Q

ECF & ICF contains:

A
  1. O2 from the lungs
  2. Dissolved nutrients from gut
  3. CO2
  4. Ions
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4
Q

What are the factors that influence the amount of body fluids

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Fat
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5
Q

Fluid found in the blood vessels

A

INTRAVASCULAR FLUID

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5
Q

Fluid found between the spaces of the cell / surrounding the cell

A

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

It is the measurement of BP in the right atrium & vena cava

A

CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE

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5
Q

Other signs and symptoms of third-space fluid shift that indicate an intravascular fluid deficit (FVD)

A
  1. Increased HR
  2. Decreased BP
  3. Decreased CVP
  4. Edema
  5. Increased body weight
  6. Imbalances in fluid I&O
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5
Q

It is the lost of fluid not contributing to ICF & ECF

A

THIRD-SPACE FLUID SHIFT

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

Early s/s of of Third-Space Fluid Shift

A

Decreased urine output despite adequate fluid intake

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5
Q

These parts of the body contains high amounts of water

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Skin
  3. Blood
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5
Q

Causes of Third-Spacing

A
  1. Intestinal obstruction
  2. Pancreatitis
  3. Crushing-traumatic injuries
  4. Bleeding
  5. Peritonitis
  6. Major venous obstruction
5
Q

What do you call the positively and negatively charged ions?

A

Cation (+)
Anion (-)

5
Q

Power of a solution to draw H2O across a semipermeable membrane

A

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

6
Q

Concentration of solutes in body fluid

A

OSMOLARITY

6
Q

Osmolarity of a solution

A

TONICITY

6
Q

Movement of solutes from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

A

DIFFUSION

6
Q

Movement of fluids from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration

A

OSMOSIS

6
Q

Fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another

A

FILTRATION

7
Q

Movement of solutes from low concentration to high. Uses energy.

Ex. Na-K pump

A

ACTIVE TRANPSORT

8
Q

Solution with the same osmolarity with body fluids

A

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

9
Q

Solution with higher osmolarity than body fluids

A

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

10
Q

General rule of normal urine excretion per kg of body weight per hr

A

1 mL/kg/hr

11
Q

Solution with lower osmolarity than body fluids

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

12
Q

The best indicator of renal functioning

A

CREATININE (0.7-1.4 mg/dl)

12
Q

It is concerned with kidney’s ability to excrete & conserve water

A

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY (1.005-1.030)

13
Q

It determines kidney functioning

A

BUN (10-20 mg/dl)

14
Q

It is to assess volume status for diagnosis of hyponatremia & acute renal failure

A

URINE SODIUM LEVEL (75-200 mEq/24h)

15
Q

It is the volume percentage of RBC in blood

Conditions that increase and decrease this

A

HEMATOCRIT (M=42%-52%; F=35-47%)

Increase = dehydration & polycythemia

Decrease = overhydration & anemia

16
Q

It is secreted by the hypothalamus to control water excretion

A

ADH

17
Q

ADH is secreted by the _____

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

18
Q

It is secreted by the adrenal gland which is a powerful volume regulator

A

ALDOSTERONE

19
Q

This hormone regulates calcium & phosphate

A

PARATHORMONE (PTH)

20
Q

This detects decrease in blood pressure. Located in the left atrium, carotid arteries, aortic arteries

A

BARORECEPTORS

21
Q

Baroreceptors are located at ____

A
  • Left atrium
  • Carotid arteries
  • Aortic arteries
22
Q

When or what circumstances is aldosterone released?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Increased ACTH
23
Q

Found in hypothalamus which detects changes in Na concentrations

A

OSMORECEPTORS

24
Q

An enzyme which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

RENIN

25
Q

Renin is released by the ______

A

Kidney (juxtaglomerular cell)

26
Q

An enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

A

ACE

27
Q

Hormones that affect fluid volume & cardiovascular function through excretion of sodium

Opposite of RAAS

A

Natriuretic peptides

28
Q

4 Natriuretic peptides

A
  • Atrial
  • Brain
  • C-type
  • D-type

NCM 112: FLUIDS (4 decks)

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