kidney CTC Flashcards
most common RCC
clear cell
RCC that enhances avidly (= to cortex)
Clear cell
second most common RCC
papillary
type of RCC typically bilateral in VHL
clear cell
associated with sickle cell TRAIT
medullary RCC
medullary RCC association
sickle cell TRAIT
BHD RCC association
chromophobe
RCC loves to grow into the
renal vein
what’s worse in RCC, renal vein invasion vs adrenal involvement?
adrenal invasion (stage IV) ;because the fascial plane has been broken into. Renal vein is only stage 3
DDx for T2 dark kidney lesion?
Papillary RCC;
Lipid poor AML;
Hemorrhagic cyst
central scar/spokewheel pattern
oncocytoma
oncocytoma imaging appearance
central scar/spokewheel pattern
AMLs are associated with:
TSC
when do you treat an AML
> 4 cm due to the increased risk of bleeding
Hyperechoic lesion in kidney on US. Next step?
if they ask next step –> choose contrast enhanced cross sectional imaging (CT or MRI). This finding could be either AML or RCC so have to rule it out with more imaging. BUT!!….if you are forced to choose what it most likely is…go with AML
multiple bilateral enhancing homogenous masses in the kidneys conforming to the kidney shape
lymphoma, lymphoma, lymphoma
do adults get ARPKD or ADPKD?
ADults get ADpkd
they are normal at birth
how do ADPKD patients present
swollen abdomen and HTN
associations with ADPKD
cerebral aneurysms, liver cysts
are ADPKD cysts big or small
BIG. ADpkd ADults cysts are BIG
what happens in the liver of patients with ARPKD?
hepatic fibrosis (which is inverse to the degree of renal disease)
why do infants with ARPKD die?
pulmonary hypoplasia in utero. kidneys don’t work –> no amniotic fluid –> lungs never expand
why are patients with ADPKD more likely to get cancer?
dialysis. the disease itself doesn’t cause cancer
history of mania. likely kidney finding?
small tiny cysts in a normal sized kidney 2/2 to LITHIUM.
stone “unseen” on plain film x-ray”, but seen on CT
uric acid
stone not seen on CT
indinavir (HIV med). the only stones not seen on CT
stone associated with women with recurrent UTIs
struvite stone
staghorn stones are seen in
XGP
do horseshoe kidneys or regular kidneys get more stones?
horseshoe kidney
most common type of stone
calcium oxalate
XGP associated stone
staghorn calculi
struvite stone clinical history
stone associated with women with recurrent UTIs
hemodynamically significant MEAN systolic pressure gradient by angiography
> 10 mm Hg
hemodynamically significant PEAK systolic pressure gradient by angiography
> 20 mm Hg
what are the number values for Mean and Peak systolic pressure gradients that are considered hemodynamically significant in the renal artery in angiography
MEAN is > 10 mm Hg
PEAK is > 20 mm Hg
RAS by duplex US
renal artery/aorta PEAK systolic velocity ratio. If > 3.5 –> at LEAST 60% stenosis
nukes study to evaluate for RAS
MAG-3 or DTPA captopril study
when do you perform anterior imaging for a MAG-3 or DTPA captopril study
transplant or horseshoe kidney
most common vascular pathology associated with NF1
renal artery stenosis
what do people with horseshoe kidneys get?
TURNER SYNDROME. stones. infections. cancers (RENAL CARCINOID). trauma (isthmus is smashed against the vertebra). kidney has drainage problems.
Turner syndrome buzz words
streaked ovaries, horseshoe kidney, coarctation of the aorta, hygroma
Weigert-Meyer law
upper - uretereocele ( U U). ectopic insertion medially and inferior –> obstruction.
inferior - refluxes (I R)
female with constant leaking from vagina and a duplicated renal system
ectopic insertion of upper moeity ureter into the vagina
in a female unilateral absent kidney is associated with
unicornuate uterus +/- rudimentary horn
pine cone bladder
neurogenic bladder
anterior urethra cancer
SCC
posterior urethra cancer
TCC
urethral cancer in a diverticulum
adenocarcinoma
calcs in a fatty renal mass
RCC
protrudes into the renal pelvis
multilocular cystic nephroma
emphysematous pyelonephritis association
diabetes
shruken calcified kidney
TB
big bright kidney with decreased renal function
HIV
history of lithotripsy
Page kidney
cortical rim sign
subacute renal infarct
history of renal biopsy
AVF
reversed diastolic flow
renal vein thrombosis
sickle cell trait
medullary RCC
young adult, renal mass + severe HTn
juxtaglomerular cell tumor
long stricture in urethra
gonococcal
short stricture in urethra
straddle injury
most common location for TCC
bladder
second most common location for TCC
upper urinary tract
which is premalignant, leukoplakia or malakioplakia
leukoplakia is pre malignant
