Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MedSurg 1 > Kidney and Urinary Tract Function > Flashcards

Kidney and Urinary Tract Function Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

kidney transplant

A

list based on severity

new kidneys last 10-15 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

serum Cr lvl

A

Renal function effectiveness measurement. Creatinine is a result of protein energy metabolism and is monitored and excreted by the kidneys. [0.6-1.2 mg/dL]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BUN

A

(BUN) Urea is the nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism. Can be altered by protein intake, tissue breakdown, and fluid volume fluctuations. [7-18 mg/dL, >65 yo 8-20 mg/dL]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bun to cr ratio

A

evaluates hydration status. Increased ratio indicates hypovolemia. [10:1]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

specific gravity urine osmolality

A

degree urine conc

norm- 1.005- 1.030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GFR

A

L plasma being filtered

dec w/ renal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

24 h urine collection

A

every single void

conc can vary w/ stress lvl (cortisol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AKI requirement

A

Rapid loss of renal function defined as a 50% increase in Serum Creatinine from damage down to the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AKI- complications

A

Potentially lethal metabolic complications including fluid/electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis (manage pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AKI trtmnt

A

fix underlying cause and return kidney function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AKI- causes

A

Prerenal - impaired blood flow to kidney (dehyd, trauma, dec bp)

Intrarenal- Parenchymal damage to glomeruli or kidney tubule (agent in blood, contrast dye, antib)

Postrenal-obstruction distal to the kidney (kidney stone or enlarged prostate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oliguria, anuria, hematuria, polyuria, diuresis, pyuria

A 
o- dec urine production (50% dec)
a- no urine
h- blood 
poly- inc production
d- fluid from vascular system
pyuria- WBC in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RIFLE- AKI

A 
classification
R isk- GFR > 25% dec, UO <0.5ml/hr
I njury GFR > 50%, < 0.5ml/hr
F ailure GFR dec >75%, scr > 4mg/dl, uo < 0.3 ml/hr
L oss complete loss function > 4 wks
E nd stage renal disease > 3mon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UTI cause

A

pathogenic microo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

UTI- cystitis

A

(bacterial) inflammation of the urinary bladder, considered a lower UTI- ecoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

UTI- upper

A

less common but include Pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and renal abscesses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

UTI- fungal

A

accompanied by immunosupp meds (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

UTI risk factors

A 
Foley catheters
Lack of hygiene (front to back)
Obstruction
Diabetes (bac loves sugar)
Urinary Retention
Neurological Disorders (spinal injury)
Gender (females shorter urethra)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

UTI-patho

A

A microorganism (usually bacteria) is introduced into the urinary tract, adheres, and colonizes to the epithelium. Inflammatory process begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

UTI- clincal manif

A 
Burning
Urgency
Frequency
Foul odor
Cloudy Urine

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

UTI- elderly consid

Study These Flashcards
A

inc confusion

antib can cause super infection (cdiff)

22
Q

UTI- nursing considerations

Study These Flashcards
A 
UA
push Fluids
Blood work (WBC, lactic acid)
 Hygiene x2 daily
Toxic renal medications or treatment (metformin)
Void habits
Discontinuing Foley
 Safety (fall risk, confusion)
Antibiotics, antifungals
Yeast (super infection)

ex. antib- azo, oxybutinin, pyrimadine

23
Q

foley cath- indications

Study These Flashcards
A

Assist with urinary outlet obstruction
Urologic surgeries (bladder tumor, prostate removal)
Achieve exact output measurement in critically ill patients
Neurogenic bladder, retention concerns
Stage III & Stage IV Pressure ulcers (avoid skin irritation)

24
Q

CAUTI

Study These Flashcards
A

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections

goal- remove cath 3-4 days

25
cauti prevention
Sterile technique with insertion Using smallest tube size for insertion (prevent abrasion) Diligent perineal care and foley care at least q 8 hours Securement of tube Monitoring of color, clarity, odor, and consistency REMOVE AS SOON AS APPROPRIATE
26
pyelonephritis- def
inflamm of renal pelvis (UTI of kidneys)
27
pyelonephritis- s/s
``` Nausea/Vomiting Chills and fever Flank pain (costovertebral) Hematuria Elevated WBC ```
28
pyelonephritis-complications
bacteremia, sepsis, perm kidney damage
29
CKD chronic kidney disease- requirements and complications
requir- dec GFR lasting 3 or more months complications - (stage 4/5) not trtd= end stage renal dis and dialysis
30
CKD- stage 1
90% norm fun | cr lvl show damage
31
CKD- stage 2
60-89% norm fun | no specific s/s
32
CKD- stage 3
30-59% norm fun | no specific s/s
33
CKD- stage 4
15-29% norm fun | need trtment for survival
34
CKD- stage 5
<15% norm fun | need trtment
35
risks for CKD
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Hypertension Obesity
36
renal failure- kidney deficiet characteristics
cant filter waste, excrete extra fluid, or manage electrolytes (K, Na, Mg) K (3.5-5 necessary for cardiovasc)
37
renal failure- require
gain 10lbs water weight in 3 days
38
renal replacement trtmnt- hemodialysis
AV fistual in arm | peritoneal (infuses dialysate at night at home, inc risk peritonitis)
39
renal replacement trtmnt- AV fistual and Dialysis cath
av- arteriovenous no bp or labs on that arm dialysis cath- in chest or neck sterile procedure by physician (sutured in) purple color
40
dialysis- considerations
Fluid Volume Shifts Electrolyte Disturbances Itching (not getts rid of wastes effectively) Quality of Life (cant work, vacation, very sick, exhausted, muscles cramps, pts delicate) 3-4h 3-4x week (MWF)
41
dialysis- nursing interventions
montior- K, ph, mg, na and fluid volume watch for s/s- muscle spasms, itching, hypovol, fvo, hyperkalemia
42
urolithiasis- def
kidney stone or calculi in UTI or kidneys formed frm ca oxalate, ca ph, or uric acid
43
urolithiasis- s/s
cause is unknown can pass naturally Infection: chills, fever, urinary frequency Obstruction with stones causes buildup of urine in the kidney can cause flank pain (intermittent) Stones traveling in the ureter can get stuck and result in severe, intermittent, radiating pain Stones stuck in the bladder cause UTI symptoms and Hematuria (stone scrape urethra) Nausea / Vomiting
44
urolithiasis- diagnosis
``` X rays of Kidney, ureters, and bladder Ultrasound Retrograde pyelography 24 hour Urine cytoscopy ```
45
urolithiasis- trtment
``` IV fluids (help pass stone) Pain management: NSAIDS (Tordol) & Opioids Nausea management Ureteroscopy Electrohydraulic lithotripter Ultrasound device Ureter Stent placement Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) (brks stone w/o breaking vessels) ```
46
incont- def and types
``` The involuntary leakage of urine Types: -Stress -Urgency -Overflow (prostate blocks urethra, bladder overflows and squeezes off urine) ```
47
incont- female
50% d/t age, preg, obesity, parity or high impact exercise common= stress incont
48
wmn menopause and UTI
inc risk bc dec estrogen/ loss good bac
49
incont- male
Age is common factor - Urge urinary incontinence - Bladder Outlet Obstruction - Stress incontinence - Overflow Incontinence
50
incont- nursing considerations
``` Skin integrity Urinary tract infections Anxiety Toileting Schedule (q1-2) Behavioral Therapy Medications (flomax for enlarged prostate) Surgical interventions Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels) ```
51
intventions for no urine w/in last 36h and on antib
blader scan, straight cath, post void residual, UA, fluids, contact provider

MedSurg 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions