Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedSurg 1 > Fluid/ Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid/ Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

signs hypernatremia

A

disorientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signs hyperkalemia

A

U-waves on ECG, n/v, heart palpitations, abdominal pain, musc weakness or numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

signs hypocalcemia

A

Tetany (intermittent musc. spasms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

signs hypermagnesemia

A

depressed deep tendon reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sign fluid overload

A

weight gain, hypertension, edema, jugular vein distension, crackles lungs,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs fluid deficit

A

thirst, inelastic skin turgor, hypotension, oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

water v adipose tissue ratio

A

mre fat= less water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ecf

v intracellular

A

separated by cell membrane
extracellular cf- outside cells (intravasc- arteries, veins and cap/ plasma) (interstitial- area around cells incl NaCl and H2))

intracellular- within cells 2/3 body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

capillary mem

A

sep extracellular intravascular space and intersitial space

semiperm mem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

passive transport incl

A

osmosis diffusion filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

osmosis

A

mvmnt fluid across semiperm mem

low solute to high solute conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diffusion

A

mvmnt ions/ mol across semiperm mem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

filtration

A

water and solutes mve to area lower hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

osmolality

A

measure # particles diss in a solution
norm 275-295
effects tonicity (whether water move or stay)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyperosmolality

A

> 295

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hypo-osmolality

A

<275

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osmotic p

A

p needed prevent osmosis through mem
btw solution and solvent
ex. isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypotonic sol

A

lwr osmotic p than blood

shift fluid into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypertonic sol

A

higher osmotic p than blood

shift fluid out of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RAAS

A

blood vol dec=dec renal perfusion
syn renin
renin combines w/ angiotensinogen to for ag1
converted to ag2
stim adrenal cortex release aldosterone
inc kidney reabsorb Na
water flows back to ECF (water follows salt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ADH

A

secreted by posterior pit. gland
in response to inc osmolality
sensed in hypothal by osmo recep
inc water reabsorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

released when heart atriums stretched= hypertension

dec fluid retention via blocking secretion of aldosterone and inhib renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypovolemia and causes

A

diminished blood vol

fluid loss, vomiting, diarrh, fever, lack fluid intake, burns, pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypovolemia symptoms

A

hypotension, tachycardia, thirst, poor skin turgor, dry muc mem dec urine output, shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hypovolemia treat

A

isotonic sol

antidiarr/antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hypervolemia and causes

A

fluid excess in intravasc space
inc na and water retention
fluid shift from intracellular to extracellular
heart/ renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

edema

A

fluid excess in interstitial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

signs hypervolemia

A

edema, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, hypertension, dis neck veins, edema, ventricular gallop

29
Q

hypervolemia treatment

A

restrict na/fluid intake

diuretics, mech ventilation, dialysis

30
Q

sodium ecf

A

water distribution

nerve/musc fiber transmission

31
Q

sodium regulation

A

dietary intake
excretion via kidneys
hormonal- aldosterone (Na reabsorb)
ADH- water reabsorb

32
Q

hyponatremia

A

<135

water into cells

33
Q

hypernatremia

A

> 145

water out of cells

34
Q

hyponatremia causes

A

Na loss

Gi, diuretics, sweating, excess water intake

35
Q

causes hypernatremia

A

rapid infusion hypertonic saline

loss water- diarrh, diab inspipidus, impaired thirst center

36
Q

manifestations hyponatremia

A

headache, weakness, edema, n/v, disorientation, agitation, seizures, anorexia

37
Q

manifestations hypernatremia

A

thirst, dec skin turgor, weak/rapid pulse, oliguria, irritability, dec reflexes, hallucination

38
Q

hypernatremia treatment

A

hypotonic sol

39
Q

potassium icf

A

3.5-5
est normal resting mem potential
changes glucose to glycogen and aa to protein

40
Q

K+ regulation

A

filtered through glomerulus
reabsorb prox tubules
excreted distal convoluted tubules

excretion via kidneys
hormonal reg via aldosterone

41
Q

hypokalemia

A

<3.5

42
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

> 3.5

43
Q

hypokalemia causes

A

alkalosis
alcoholism
diuretics
anorexia

44
Q

causes hyperkalemia

A

intake supp Ca
acidosis
burns
renal failure

45
Q

manifestations hypokalemia

A 
muscle fatigue
apnea
flat T wave
large U wave
prolonged Pr interval
46
Q

manifestations hyperkalemia

A 
abdomial pain
tingling fingers
tall t wave
wide qrs 
ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrest
47
Q

treatment hyperkalemia

A

reduce K+ rich foods
50% glucose iv insulin
give kayexalate

48
Q

treatment hypokalemia

A

diet change

iv potassium

49
Q

chloride lvl

A

95-105

maintains acid/b bal, osmotic p and acidity of gastric secretions ie HCL

50
Q

chloride reg

A

dietary intake
excretion via kid
reabsorb w/ Na
if acidic= Cl excreted

51
Q

Hypochloremia causes

A

<95
loss acid
vomiting

52
Q

Hyperchloremia causes

A

> 105

excessive intake, dec excretion

53
Q

hypochloremia manifestations

A

meta alkalosis
hypertonicity muscles
depressed respir
tetany

54
Q

hyperchloremia manifestations

A

metabolic acidosis
rapid respir
weakness
coma

55
Q

Calcium

A 
8.5-10.5
found bones, teeth, blood muscles
 neuromusc fun, trans nerve impulses
contraction muscles,, blood clotting, maint cell mem perm
formation bones
56
Q

Ca reg

A 
dietary intake
vitamin D
PTH reg absorp and excretion-
release Ca into blood
Calcitonin- dec bone reabsorb
inverse relationship w/ Phosphate!!
57
Q

hypocalcemia causes

A

hyperphosphatemia
vitamin d deficiency
hypoalbuminemia

58
Q

causes hypercalcemia

A

hypophosphatemia
renal failure
cancer
thyroid disorder

59
Q

hypocalcemia manif

A 
pins/needles
musc cramping
numbess
hypotension
seizures
poor clotting
dec myocardial contractility
chvostek sign
60
Q

hypercalcemia manif

A

anorexia, constipation, hypertonicity, dec heart rate, confusion

61
Q

Mg

A 
1.5 to 2.5
stored soft tissue/bone
 enzyme act
carb/protein metab
synprotein/ dna
electrical act heart, musc, nerves
62
Q

regulation Mg

A

dietary intake
pth
Ca inc = less Mg
excreted kid

63
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

<1.5

64
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

> 2.5

65
Q

causes hypomagnesia

A 
malnutrition
prolonged NPO
SIDAH
hypercalcemia
diuretics
66
Q

causes hypermagnesemia

A

dec renal excretion
inc intake (antacids)
soft tissue injury

67
Q

manif hypomagnesia

A

anorexia, n/v, weakness, tetany

68
Q

manif hypermagnesemia

A

musc flaccid, dec breathing rate, hypotension, bradycardia, atrioventricular block

MedSurg 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions