kidney and bladder neoplasms

Question 1

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Answer 1

10% of individuals have urinary tract malformations, although many are asymptomatic, most common pediatric cystic renal disease, could progress to chronic, if bilateral neonates may also display oligohydraminios and pulmonary hypoplasia, looks like bubble wrap

Question 2

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 2

most common congenital kidney anomaly .15-.25 % of all newborns

90% are fused at lower pole, mostly asymptomatic

Associated with obstruction, anomalous superior vena cava

Question 3

Polycystic kidney disease adult

Answer 3

Audult form (autosomal dominant

Child- auto recessive

Cysts small and uniform distribution
Affected babies have a high death rate, congenital hepatic fibrosis, a serious liver condition may co- exisit

Question 4

Acquired cystic disease

Answer 4

Chronic kidney disease patient get an acquired cystic disease but the kidney is closer to normal in size, might need dialysis, genetically normal, prone to developing cancer

Question 5

Hydronephrosis

Answer 5

Cortex and medulla compressed to a tim, pelvicalyceal system (pelvis and calyces are very dilated

Question 6

Angiomyolipoma

Answer 6

a mesenchymal tumor

Vessels and smooth muscle and fat

The most common benign tumor of the kidney, most common serious complication of it is hemorrahage

Premelanosomes

Question 7

Wilms tumor

Answer 7

Almost always pediatric, contain a variety of cell and tissue components, all derived from immature kidney cells, 90% have favorable histology

Question 8

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 8

painless hematuria, a palpable abdominal mass and dull flank pain, most frequent presenting manifestation is hematuria, occuring in more than 50% of cases
Polycythemia in 5% to 10 % of cases due to etp production by the tumor

Question 9

Clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma tyoe 1 2, chromophobe carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma

Answer 9

look at histology

Question 10

medullary carcinoma

Answer 10

restricted to individuals who have african or mediterranean descent, pt have sicke cell disease or sickle cell trait

Presents at a very high stage, resisits chemotherapy, worst outcome

Question 11

Acquired cystic disease-associated renal ca

Answer 11

PAteints with acquired cystic disease due to chronic dialysis dependency have 100x risk of getting RCC, Variety of patterna but lots of vacuoles, oxalate crystals

Question 12

Staging of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 12

average 5 yr survival is 50%

Renal vein invasion 15%

Question 13

Undulated lesion polypoid and papillary cystitis

Answer 13

Polypoid and papillary cystitis arise from catheter, stone, etc

In setting of submucosla edema, usually mixed inflammation
Polypoid cystitis= more blunt projections has a tip thats wider than its base, polypoid type is grossy more apt to mimic tumor