kidney

Question 1

the structure of a nephron and its role in the formulation of glomerular filtrate

Answer 1

high hydrostatic pressure is created due to the smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole compared with the afferent arteriole- this causes ultrafiltration at glomerulus
small molecules are forced out into the bowmans capsule forming glomerular filtrate

Question 2

what are the main substances that form the glomerular filtrate

Answer 2

amino acids
water
glucose
urea
inorganic ions

Question 3

selective reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

many of the subtances in the bowmans capsule that are part of the fltrate need to be kept by the body
these substances are reabsorbed into the blood

Question 4

adaptation of proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell

Answer 4

many microvilli - increases SA for reabsorption
many co transporter proteins- each transports specific solute
many mitochondria- provide energy for sodium potassium pump
cells packed tightly together- no fluid can pass between cells