control of blood glucose

Question 1

response to an increase in blood glucose conc

Answer 1

beta cells in pancreas release insulin
insulin binds to an insulin receptor, vesicles of glucose fuse to the plasma membrane to allow more glucose into cells
cells use glucose for respiration and activated enzymes convert glucose into glycogen (glycogenesis)

Question 2

response to low levels of blood glucose

Answer 2

alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon. enzymes that break down glycogen into glucose (glycolysis)
glucagon stimulates activation of enzymes that convert glycerol from lipids and amino acids into glucose gluconeogenesis. by attaching to traget cells receptor sites.

Question 3

role of adrenaline in blood glucose conc

Answer 3

adrenaline is released by adrenal glads in times of stress and increases blood glucose conc in anticipation of increased activity
adrenaline binds to adrenaline receptors which activates adenyl cyclase converting ATP into cAMP ehich acts as a second messenger to actiavte proteine kinase
this converts glycogen into glucose

Question 4

type 1 diabetes

Answer 4

autoimmune attack on beta cells of the pancreas so body cannot produce insulin

Question 5

type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

body does not produce enough insulin so it becomes less responsive

Question 6

action of insulin

Answer 6

attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells
controlling the uptake of glucose by regulating the inclusion of channel proteins in the surface membranes of target cells
activating enzymes involved in conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis)

Question 7

action of glucagon

Answer 7

attaching receptors on the surfaces of target cells
activating enzymes involved in glycolysis
activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids to glucose (gluconeogenesis)

Question 8

action of adrenaline

Answer 8

attaching to receptors on the surafces of target cells
activating enzymes involved in glycolysis