Kidney

Question 1

Cause of enuresis

Answer 1

1- Late maturing of cortical mechanism
2- Sleep disorders
- deep sleep
- ADH
3- 12 & 13 chromosome
4- Organic agents: UTI, Obstructive uropathy
5- Psychological
6- Adenoid hypertrophy (sleep apnea)

Question 2

Enuresis Treatment

Answer 2

• Reassuring
• 2oz after 6-7pm
• Conditioning (30-60%)
• Self hypnosis
  2nd line = drugs

Question 3

Drug treatment (enuresis)

Answer 3

Desmopressin 0.2-0.6 mg
- Not when diarrhea, vomiting, swilling
- 3-6 months
Oxybutinin 5mg / Toltrodine 2mg
- Don’t use imipramine

Question 4

ARF(AKI) types

Answer 4

• Pre-renal (Perfusion decrease)
• Renal (Vascular, immunologic, ischemia)
• Post-renal (Tract obstruction)

Question 5

Pre renal examples

Answer 5

• Dehydration
• Septic shock
• CHF
• Hemorrhage
• Burn
• Cirrhosis