Acid Base & Hypernatremia Flashcards
1
Q
Henderson Hasselbach formula
A
pH = pK + log (HCO3/CO2)
- Normal HCO3/CO2 = 20/1
2
Q
Normals
A
- pH = 7.35-7.45
- PaCO2 = 40 (35-45)
- HCO3 = 22-26
3
Q
pH and H+ concentration
A
- 7.4: 40nEq/lit
- 8: 10nEq/lit
4
Q
High pH signs
A
- Irritability
- Arrhythmia
- Seizure
- Death > 7.8
5
Q
Low pH signs
A
- Drowsiness
- Coma
6
Q
Defense mechanism against pH change
A
-
Buffers 4-5h:
1- Out of cell= HCO3, Proteins (Alb, globulin), inorganic phosphates
2- In cell= HCO3, Hb, Oxyhemoglobulin, organic & inorganic phosphates - Breathing 12-24h
- Kidney 3-4d
7
Q
Bicarbonate & pH change
A
10mEq = 0.15 pH
8
Q
K and pH in metabolic acidosis
A
0.1 pH decrease = 0.6mEq K increase
9
Q
Metabolic acidosis
A
Gastroenteritis
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
DKA
10
Q
Metabolic alkalosis
A
Severe vomiting
Furosemide
11
Q
Acute respiratory acidosis
A
Sever pneumonia
12
Q
Chronic respiratory acidosis
A
COPD
13
Q
Acute respiratory alkalosis
A
Mild asthma, Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia
14
Q
Chronic respiratory alkalosis
A
Living in high places
Normal pH
15
Q
Metabolic + Respiratory acidosis
A
- Severe pulmonary edema
- Arrest
- Poisoning
- Corona + diarrhea
