KEYWORDS MDs

Question 1

Hallucinations are:

Answer 1

Perceptual abnormalities

Question 2

Apathy means:

Answer 2

• Lack of feeling or emotion (impassiveness).
• Lack of interest or concern (indifference).
• Absence of affect (no emotional expression).

Question 3

Coining new words is known as:

Answer 3

Neologism

Question 4

Catharsis:

Answer 4

The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions (venting).

Question 5

Persistent repetition of words beyond the point of relevance.

Answer 5

Perseveration

Question 6

Illusion is a:

Answer 6

Misinterpretation of actual stimuli.

Question 7

What is an example of a patient exhibiting flight of ideas?

Answer 7

Talking excessively while frequently shifting from one idea to another.

Question 8

This therapist proposed interpersonal theory:

Answer 8

Peplau

Question 9

False perception of taste is termed as:

Answer 9

Tactile hallucination

Question 10

The DSM classification is given by?

Answer 10

American Psychiatric Association

Question 11

According to Feud, which one is the closest contact with reality?

Answer 11

Ego

Question 12

Intervention for suicide or suicidal ideation:

Answer 12

• Using an Authoritative Role
• Providing a Safe Environment
• Creating a Support System List

Question 13

Interventions for hostility & aggression:

Answer 13

Managing the environment
Managing aggressive behaviour

Question 14

Crisis interventions & techniques:

Answer 14

1. Interventions:

• The goal is to stabilize the family situation and restore to their pre-crisis level of functioning.
• Opportunity to develop new ways of perceiving, coping, and problem-solving.
• The intervention is time limited and fast paced, therefore the nurse must take an active and directive approach.

2. Techniques:

• Catharsis (venting)
• Clarification
• Suggestion
• Reinforcement of behavior
• Support of defenses
• Raising self esteem
• Exploration of solutions

Question 15

What are the Nursing Diagnosis common to patients with Eating Disorders (ED):

Answer 15

• Imbalanced nutrition (less than body requirements).
• Deficient fluid volume
• Anxiety (moderate to severe)
• Ineffective coping
• Disturbed body image/low self-esteem
• Imbalanced nutrition (more than body requirements).

Question 16

What are the General Nursing Interventions for EDs:

Answer 16

• The vital signs of the individual are followed closely.
• Acid, base balance, fluid, electrolyte balance, liver enzymes is monitored.
• Intake output control.
• It is important to establish therapeutic communication
  It should be ensured that the individual does not eat with other patients at the beginning.
• After eating a meal, the individual should be observed at the beginning of the treatment for 90 minutes and then 30 minutes after the treatment.
• Before meals, relaxation and relaxation exercises can be done.
  Appropriate skin care should be provided to the individual.
• The individual should be supported to take a bath in the form of a shower.
• The temperature of the individual’s bedroom should be kept under control.
• Proper oral care should be provided.

Question 17

What are the complications of SD:

Answer 17

• Failed relationship and subsequent depression.
• Loss of the individual’s job or marriage.
• Hormonal treatments used in gender identity disorders may lead to complications or side effects.

Question 18

To help reduce a chances of developing psychosexual dysfunction teach the people to:

Answer 18

• Stay aware of your psychological or emotional health.
• Spending time alone with a partner often, especially nonsexual intimate time, to help maintain the relationship. This will most likely lead to increased sexual interest.
• Continue to communicate openly with the partner about intimacy and sexual issues.

Question 19

Nursing care of patients with SD:

Answer 19

• Obtain sexual history including usual pattern of functioning.
• Be alert to each comment from the patient.
• Identify current stressors in individual situation.
• Avoid making value judgment.

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Establish Therapeutic Nurse – client relationship.

Question 20

General interventions for SDs:

Answer 20

• Ensuring environmental safety, comfort and security.
• Determining the privacy level of patients in accordance with their age and development.

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Evaluation of the patient’s social abilities appropriate to his age and his relations with his environment.

• Demonstrating acceptance of the patient, regardless of the patient’s negative sexual behaviors or activities.
• Assisting the patient by allowing them to verbally describe their activities and problems related to sexual disorders.
• Giving the patient the opportunity to explain their age-appropriate privacy and sexuality through occupation and group relationships, in line with their capacity.
• Raising self-esteem through individual group exercises
  Providing alternatives for satisfaction in physical and intellectual activities.

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Facilitating socialization as a role model by being educated with other peers in the same age group in the society.

• Educating the patient, family and important people with professional help on sexual disorders and diseases.

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Reducing negative sexual behaviors with various approaches when necessary.

• Increasing opportunities for participation in volunteer and recreational activities.
• Facilitating the integration of patients and families into society by meeting their needs.
• Giving them the opportunity to express their feelings.
• Providing accurate and descriptive information.
• Speak in terms the patient can understand.
• Providing a comfortable environment where the patient can talk.
• Demonstrating an accepting approach without judging or blaming the patient.
• The nurse needs to review her own attitude towards the individual with sexual problems.

Question 21

Outcomes for clients with OCD are:

Answer 21

• The client will complete daily routine activities within a realistic time frame.
• The client will demonstrate effective use of relaxation techniques.
• The client will discuss feelings with another person.
• The client will demonstrate effective use of behavior therapy techniques.
• The client will spend less time performing rituals.

Question 22

Interventions for clients with OCD include:

Answer 22

• Using therapeutic communication
• Teaching relaxation & behavioural techniques.
• Completing a daily routine.
• Providing client and family education.

Question 23

Nursing diagnoses of clients with OCD are:

Answer 23

• Anxiety
• Ineffective coping
• Fatigue
• Situational low self-esteem
• Impaired Skin Integrity (If Scrubbing or Washing Rituals)

Question 24

Nursing assessments of clients with OCD:

Answer 24

• History
• General appearance & motor behaviour
• Mood & affect
• Thought process & content
• Judgment & insight
• Self concept
• Roles & relationships
• Physiologic & self-care considerations

Question 25

General nursing interventions for patients with Anxiety:

Answer 25

• Remain with the client at all times when levels of anxiety are high (severe or panic).
• Move the client to a quiet area with minimal or decreased stimuli such as a small room or seclusion area.
• Medications may be indicated for high levels of anxiety, delusions, disorganized thoughts, and so forth.
• Remain calm in your approach to the client.
  Use short, simple, and clear statements.
• Avoid asking or forcing the client to make choices.
• Be aware of your own feelings and level of discomfort.
• Encourage the client’s participation in relaxation exercises such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, and imagining being in a quiet, peaceful place.
• Teach the client to use relaxation techniques independently.

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Help the client see that mild anxiety can be positive for change and does not need to be avoided.

• Relaxation exercises: deep breathing, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation,

Question 26

The nursing interventions for somatoform disorders are:

Answer 26

• Providing health teaching: the nurse must help the client establish a daily routine that includes improved health behaviors.
• Assisting the client to express emotions: clients may keep a detailed journal of their physical symptoms; the nurse might ask them to describe the situation at the time such as whether they were alone or with others, whether any disagreements were occurring, and so forth.
• Teaching coping strategies: emotion-focused strategies include progressive relaxation, deep breathing, guided imagery, and distractions such as music or other activities; problem-focused coping strategies include problem-solving methods, applying the process to identified problems, and role-playing interactions with others.

Question 27

List the Nursing Diagnosis for Somatoform Disorders:

Answer 27

• Chronic pain related to severe level of anxiety, repressed.
• Ineffective coping related to inadequate coping skills.
• Disturbed body image related to low self-esteem, severe level of anxiety.
• Disturbed sensory perception related to regression to, or fixation in, an earlier level of development.
• Self-care deficit related to paralysis of body part, pain, discomfort.
• Deficient knowledge related to lack of interest in learning, severe anxiety

Question 28

What is the difference between sympathy & empathy?

Answer 28

• Sympathy is feeling pity for another (like saying sorry).
• Empathy is our ability to understand how someone feels (picturing yourself in someone else’s shoes).

Question 29

What is the difference between Hallucination, Delusion & Illusion?

Answer 29

• A Hallucination is a sensory perception (involve hearing, seeing, smelling, or feeling things that are not really there).
• A Delusion is a false belief.
• An Illusion is a misperception or a misinterpretation of a real experience.