6. Sexual Disorders

Question 1

It is the inability to become sexually aroused or achieve sexual satisfaction in the appropriate situations because of mental or emotional reasons.

Answer 1

Sexual Disorders

Question 2

Risk factors of Sexual disorders:

Answer 2

• Recent pregnancy—This can result from the changes in hormone levels that occur after pregnancy, from postpartum depression.
• Religious, social, or cultural restrictions.
• Family problems
• Abusive relationship with partner.
• Fear due to previous disturbing or painful sexual experiences or encounters.
• Negative body image
• Financial worries
• Conflict with the spouse

Question 3

Psychological causes of SD:

Answer 3

• Work-related stress
• Anxiety
• Concern about sexual performance
• Marital or relationship problems
• Depression
• Feelings of guilt
• Concerns about body image
  Effects of a past sexual trauma.

Question 4

Physical causes of SD:

Answer 4

• Many physical and/or medical conditions can cause problems with sexual function.
• These conditions include diabetes, heart and vascular (blood vessel) disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, the side effects of some medications, including some antidepressant drugs.

Question 5

Types of Sexual Disorders:

Answer 5

1. Gender Identity Disorders
2. Paraphilias
3. Sexual Dysfunction

Question 6

• Defined by strong, persistent feelings of identification with the opposite gender and discomfort with one’s own assigned sex that results in significant distress or impairment.

Involves 2 criteria :

A. desire to be the opposite sex
B. discomfort with his or her sex

Answer 6

Gender Identity Disorders

• People with gender dysphoria desire to live as members of the opposite sex and often dress and use mannerisms associated with the other gender. For instance, a person identified as a boy may feel and act like a girl.

Question 7

Is a sexual attraction is to unusual objects or sexual activities that are unusual in nature.

Answer 7

Paraphilias

• Paraphilias involve sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, and/or targets (eg, children, corpses, animals).
• Paraphilia can lead to personal, social, and career problems, and a person with a paraphilia may be called “kinky” or “perverted.“
• The associated behaviors may also have serious social and legal consequences.

Question 8

Paraphilia Behaviors

Answer 8

Exhibitionism: involves someone exposing his or her genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

Fetishism: People with fetishes have sexual urges associated with non-living objects.

Frotteurism: the focus of the person’s sexual urges is on touching or rubbing his or her genitals against the body of a non-consenting, unfamiliar person.

Pedophilia: People with pedophilia have fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve illegal sexual activity with a child or children.

Question 9

Sexual Dysfunction

Answer 9

• Sexual dysfunction refers to a problem(s)that prevents the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity.
• Sexual dysfunction can affect any age, although it is more common in those over 40 because it is often related to a decline in health associated with aging.

Question 10

Types of sexual dysfunction (sexual dysfunction generally is classified into four categories):

Answer 10

• Desire disorders —lack of sexual desire or interest in sex.
• Arousal disorders —inability to become physically aroused or excited during sexual activity.
• Orgasm disorders —delay or absence of orgasm (climax).
• Pain disorders — pain during intercourse.

Question 11

Symptoms of sexual dysfunction in men and women:

Answer 11

• Lack of interest in or desire for sex
• Inability to become aroused
• Pain with intercourse

Question 12

Symptoms of sexual dysfunction in women:

Answer 12

• Inability to achieve orgasm
• Inadequate vaginal lubrication before and during intercourse.
• Inability to relax the vaginal muscles enough to allow intercourse.

Question 13

Symptoms of sexual dysfunction in men:

Answer 13

• Inability to achieve or maintain an erection suitable for intercourse (erectile dysfunction).
• Absent or delayed ejaculation despite adequate sexual stimulation (retarded ejaculation).
• Inability to control the timing of ejaculation (early or premature ejaculation).

Question 14

Treatment of SD:

Answer 14

• Medication: Some medications can alleviate the symptoms, like anti-anxiety and anti-depression medications
• Psychotherapy: allows you to work with a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker or licensed counselor to figure out ways to deals with stressful or painful issues.
• Sex therapy: assists you with communication, teaches you about sexual fantasies and helps you focus on sexual stimuli.
• Behavioral therapy: involves a psychiatrist, psychologist, psychiatric Nurse, social worker or licensed counselor helping you unlearn automatic behaviors.
• Marriage or relationship counseling: consists of you and your partner meeting with a mental health professional to discuss issues, including communications problems.

Question 15

Complications of SD:

Answer 15

• Failed relationship and subsequent depression
• Loss of the individual’s job or marriage
• Hormonal treatments used in gender identity disorders may lead to complications or side effects.

Question 16

Prevention of SD to help reduce a chances of developing psychosexual dysfunction teach the people:

Answer 16

• Stay aware of your psychological or emotional health.
• Spending time alone with a partner often, especially nonsexual intimate time, to help maintain the relationship.
• This will most likely lead to increased sexual interest.
• Continue to communicate openly with the partner about intimacy and sexual issues.

Question 17

Nursing Care o SD:

Answer 17

• Obtain sexual history including usual pattern of functioning.
• Be alert to each comment from the patient
• Identify current stressors in individual situation
• Avoid making value Judgment
• Establish Therapeutic Nurse – client relationship

Question 18

Intervention and General Interventions for Sexual Disorders:

Answer 18

• Ensuring environmental safety, comfort and security.
• Determining the privacy level of patients in accordance with their age and development.
• Evaluation of the patient’s social abilities appropriate to his age and his relations with his environment.
• Demonstrating acceptance of the patient, regardless of the patient’s negative sexual behaviors or activities.
• Assisting the patient by allowing them to verbally describe their activities and problems related to sexual disorders.
• Giving the patient the opportunity to explain their age-appropriate privacy and sexuality through occupation and group relationships, in line with their capacity.

-Raising self-esteem through individual group exercises.

• Providing alternatives for satisfaction in physical and intellectual activities.
• Facilitating socialization as a role model by being educated with other peers in the same age group in the society.
• Educating the patient, family and important people with professional help on sexual disorders and diseases.
• Reducing negative sexual behaviors with various approaches when necessary.
• Increasing opportunities for participation in volunteer and recreational activities.
• Facilitating the integration of patients and families into society by meeting their needs.
• Giving them the opportunity to express their feelings.
• Providing accurate and descriptive information
  Speak in terms the patient can understand.
• Providing a comfortable environment where the patient can talk.
• Demonstrating an accepting approach without judging or blaming the patient.
• The nurse needs to review her own attitude towards the individual with sexual problems.