Keywords - immunity

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Microorganism that causes disease

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

Part of an organism/substance recognised as foreign by immune system and then stimulates an immune response (they are often proteins on surface of cells)

Question 3

Phagocytosis

Answer 3

Mechanism by which cells engulf particles to form a vesicle/vacuole (immune response carried out by phagocytes)

Question 4

Lymphocyte

Answer 4

Type of white blood cell responsible for immune response. 2 types: B and T which are activated by presence of antigens.

Question 5

Cell mediated immunity (cellular response)

Answer 5

Part of specific immune response involving T-lymphocytes being activated by antigen presenting cells. Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells are involved.

Question 6

Humoral immunity

Answer 6

Part of immune response that involves B lymphocytes (and antibodies) being activated by direct contact w/ antigens. Plasma cells + B memory cells are involved.

Question 7

Antibody

Answer 7

‘Y shaped’ protein produced by plasma cells in response to appropriate antigen. Cause agglutination of pathogens + act as markers to stimulate phagocytosis.

Question 8

Vaccination

Answer 8

Introduction of antigens (in a vaccine) to the body to stimulate artificial, active immunity

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

Human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus (contains RNA) that leads to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Typically infects helper T cells preventing immune system from functioning properly.

Question 10

ELISA test

Answer 10

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test uses antibodies to detect presence/quantity of a protein in a sample. Can be used to test for HIV and other pathogens.