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Medicine 1 > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

cytoskeleton

A

responsible for shape and movement. made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

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2
Q

ectoderm

A

embryonic germ layer. makes the nervous system and epidermis.

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3
Q

microfilaments

A

made of actin and regulate cell shape

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4
Q

mesoderm

A

embryonic germ layer, forms muscle and connective tissue

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5
Q

intermediate filaments

A

attach organelles to each other and the membrane. formed of vimentin and cytokeratin

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6
Q

endoderm

A

embryonic germ layer. forms gut and and internal organs.

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7
Q

vimentin

A

intermediate filaments that are found in the fibroblasts

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8
Q

neuroectoderm

A

what the nervous tissue devlops from

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9
Q

cytokeratin

A

intermediate filaments that are found in the epithelium

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10
Q

occluding

A

a tight junction that prevents the passage of substances and maintains polarity

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11
Q

cilia

A

actively move with a 9+2 structure

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12
Q

connexins

A

what a gap junction is made from, assemble into connexons

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13
Q

parenchyma

A

performs the main function

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14
Q

adherens junction

A

attaches cells to eachother and to the cytoskeleton. zonula is made from actin and desomosomes are intermediate filaments

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15
Q

stroma

A

supports cells

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16
Q

gap junction

A

coordinates cell activity and communication between adjacent cells

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17
Q

cytology

A

whole cells can be veiwed if obtained in suspension

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18
Q

fixatives

A

chemically stabilise tissue

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19
Q

microtome

A

used to cut tissue samples

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20
Q

haemotoxylin

A

a stain that colours acidic cell components purple/blue

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21
Q

eosin

A

a stain that colours basic cell components pink

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22
Q

cryostat

A

used to cut frozen tissue samples

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23
Q

xylene

A

used to dewax tissue samples

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24
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution and determinates of diease in populations

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25
Q

evidence-based medicine

A

using the current and best medicine in the treatments of a patient

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26
Q

health

A

complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing

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27
Q

alpha helix

A

right hand helix conformation, twisting of amino acid chain

28
Q

beta pleat

A

beta pleated chains can be arranged anti-parrallely or parrallely.

29
Q

steric repulsion

A

the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

30
Q

domains

A

a conserved part of a given protein sequence and tertiary structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain

31
Q

methionine

A

starts all proteints but rarely present in the final structure.

32
Q

peptide bond

A

double bond character as electrons are delocalised over the whole bond, between amino acids

33
Q

chromatin

A

complex of chromosomal DNA and RNA. stable structure

34
Q

heterochromatin

A

condensed chromatin, genes that are not switched on

35
Q

nucleosome

A

2 loops of DNA wrapped around a cluster of 8 histones, where chromatin is packed

36
Q

histones

A

rich in basic amino acids. they are important in compacting dna

37
Q

constitutive

A

heterochromatin where then gens are not switched on

38
Q

faculative

A

heterochromatin where the genes are not switched on, but can be

39
Q

cyclins and CDKs

A

regulates and coordinates entry into the cell cycle

40
Q

oogenesis

A

meiosis in the ovaries

41
Q

spermogenesis

A

meiosis in the testes

42
Q

karyotype

A

sum of all chromosomesin the nucleus arranged in homologous paris and by order of size

43
Q

lepotene

A

chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the chronotomers are visible

44
Q

zygotene

A

bivalent tissue forms and synapsids develop

45
Q

pachytene

A

crossing over occurs through formation of chiasmata

46
Q

dipoltene

A

chromatids are held together by chiasmata and centromeres

47
Q

diakenisis

A

terminalisation occur

48
Q

terminalisation

A

the movement of transverse bonds between paired chromosomes in meiosis from their points of origin toward the ends of the chromosomes

49
Q

purines

A

A+G, 9 linkage, two rings

50
Q

pyrimidines

A

T, C + U, 1 linkage, one ring

51
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

bonds between amino acids, double bond structure due to delocalisation of electrons

52
Q

watson-crick base pairing

A

A+T/U, C+G

53
Q

semi-conservative replication

A

one parental strand is conserved and used as a template.

54
Q

HDP

A

helix destabilising protein, stops strands reconnecting during DNA replication

55
Q

okazaki fragments

A

formed on the lagging strand

56
Q

UTR

A

untranslated region, carries info that affects translation

57
Q

polymerase

A

fills gaps between okazaki fragments

58
Q

hypertrophy

A

cells increase in size

59
Q

hyperplasia

A

cells increase in number

60
Q

atrophy

A

cells decrease in size

61
Q

involution

A

the number of cells decrease

62
Q

metaplasia

A

change in the differention of a cell

63
Q

neoplasia

A

permanent alteration of cell growth pattern

64
Q

necrosis

A

cell death, ATP processes fail, cell membrane is damaged and cell content leaks out. causes inflammation

65
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

66
Q

proliferation

A

cell replication

Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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