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Biology Unit 2 > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

What are catalysts?

A

A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction, without being used in the reaction.

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2
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst

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3
Q

What is an active site?

A

The place on an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds.

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4
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The chemical an enzyme acts on

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5
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

When an enzyme changes shape so that it can no longer work.

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6
Q

What are carbohydrases?

A

Enzymes which break up carbohydrates

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7
Q

What is amylase?

A

The enzyme made in the mouth and pancreas, that breaks down starch into sugar

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8
Q

What are lipids?

A

An oil or fat

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9
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Part of a lipid

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10
Q

What is glycerol?

A

Part of a lipid

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11
Q

What is lipase?

A

An enzyme which breaks lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

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12
Q

What is protease?

A

An enzyme which breaks down proteins into amino acids

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13
Q

What does emulsifies mean?

A

Breaking down fat into tiny droplets

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14
Q

What is biological detergent?

A

Washing detergents that contain enzymes

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15
Q

What is isomerase?

A

An enzyme which converts a molecule from one form (shape) to another.

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16
Q

What is fructose?

A

A sugar syrup.

17
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Carbohydrate store in animal, including the muscles, liver and brain.

18
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Breaking down food using oxygen to release energy

19
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Breaking down food without oxygen to release energy

20
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

One of the products of anaerobic respiration. In animals it builds up in muscles after exercise.

21
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise

22
Q

What are alleles?

A

A version of a gene

23
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division where two identical cells are formed

24
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cell which can form any type of cell

25
Q

What does differentiated mean?

A

A cell specialised for a particular function

26
Q

What is an ova?

A

The female sex cell (egg)

27
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The two type of cell division which produces sex cells (gametes), which have half the number of chromosomes

28
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

Cloning by transferring the nucleus of an adult cell into an empty cell into an empty egg to produce tissues or organs, which can be used for medicine.

29
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting?

A

A pattern produced by analysing the DNA which can be used to identify an individual

30
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

The chromosome which carries the information about the sex of an organism.

Biology Unit 2 (14 decks)

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