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Gene and the Hell > Keywords 3 > Flashcards

Keywords 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Translocation

A

Chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous (different) chromosomes

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2
Q

Ribosome binding site

A

A sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of protein translation

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3
Q

f-met-tRNA met

A

Derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group

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4
Q

Translocation factor

A

??? Sorry could not find

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5
Q

Initiation factor

A

Proteins that bind to the small subunit of the ribosome during the initiation of translation

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6
Q

Elongation factors

A

A set of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the process of cell cycle and elongation in some cells

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7
Q

Peptidyl transferase activity

A

Primary enzymatic function of the ribosome

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8
Q

Alpha carbon

A

Carbon that is one carbon away from an aldehyde or ketone group

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9
Q

Peptide bond

A

An amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids

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10
Q

N-terminal amine

A

Start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide

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11
Q

C-terminal carboxyl

A

End of an amino acid chain, terminated by a free carboxyl group

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12
Q

Peptide

A

Peptides are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds

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13
Q

Side chain

A

A chemical group that is attached to the backbone

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14
Q

Post-translational modification

A

Covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis

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15
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Attachment of a phosphoryl group

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16
Q

Propeptide

A

Part of a protein that is cleaved during maturation or activation

17
Q

Motif

A

A compact 3-D protein structure of several adjacent elements of a secondary structure

18
Q

Haploid

A

A cell has half the usual number of chromosomes

19
Q

Diploid

A

Contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes

20
Q

Gamete

A

A haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilisation in organisms that sexually reproduce

21
Q

Somatic cell

A

Any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell

22
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis

23
Q

Sister chromatids

A

The identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome

24
Q

Crossing over

A

The exchange of genetic material between 2 homologous chromosomes’ non-sister chromatids

25
Q

Mitosis

A

Part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei

26
Q

Meiosis

A

A specialised type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells

27
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells

28
Q

Point mutation (substitution)

A

A single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

29
Q

Missense mutation

A

A single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid; type of non-synonymous substitution

30
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

Results in a premature stop codon, or a point-nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA

31
Q

Silent mutation

A

Mutations that do not have an observable effect on the organism’s phenotype

32
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

A genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.

33
Q

Chromosomal rearrangement

A

A mutation that is a type of chromosome abnormality involving a change in the structure of the native chromosome

34
Q

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

A

A variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome

35
Q

Genetic marker

A

A gene/DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species

36
Q

Tumour suppressor (antioncogene)

A

A gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer

37
Q

Oncogene

A

A gene that has the potential to cause cancer

38
Q

Gene therapy

A

Therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient’s cells as a drug to treat disease

Gene and the Hell (3 decks)

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