KeyTopic2: Hitlers Rise To Power 1919-33

Question 1

Anti-semitism

Answer 1

Hatred of Jews

Question 2

German workers party (DAP)

Answer 2

An anti-Weimar government party set up by Anton drexler

Question 3

Nationalise

Answer 3

To change from private ownership to state ownership

Question 4

Nazi party

Answer 4

National socialist German workers party set up by hitler in 1920

Question 5

SA

Answer 5

Hitlers private army set up to protect Nazi meetings and disrupt those of his opponents

Question 6

25 point programme

Answer 6

The main aims and principles of the Nazi party

Question 7

When was hitler born

Answer 7

In Austria 1889

Question 8

Where did hitler go when he was 16

Answer 8

Vienna to become an artist

Question 9

problem with hitler moving to Vienna

Answer 9

1908-13 hitler was “down and out”
Anti semitism was widespread in Vienna
He was envious of the wealthy Jews and blamed them for his own problems

Question 10

1914 what did hitler do

Answer 10

Joined German army and served with distinction winning the iron cross
Found it hard to accept the armistice believing that Germany was on the verge of winning the war before being betrayed

Question 11

What did hitler do after the war

Answer 11

Stayed in the army Working for the intelligence services

Came across DAP led by Anton drexler and joined it in 1919

Question 12

What happened in 1920

Answer 12

DAP was renamed NSDAP or Nazi party

Question 13

Feb 1920

Answer 13

Hitler was put in charge of recruitment and propaganda attracting new members to the party

Question 14

1921

Answer 14

Hitler challenges drexler and became leader of the Nazi party

Question 15

What did the SA attract

Answer 15

Many ex soldiers especially from the Freikorps

Question 16

1922 Nazi party size

Answer 16

6000 members

Question 17

1924 Nazi party size

Answer 17

50,000 members

Question 18

Key features of the 25 point programme

Answer 18

Union of all Germans to form a greater germany
Getting rid of TOV
citizenship of the state to be granted only to people of German blood- no Jew was to be a citizen of the nation
Government had to nationalise all businesses that had been formed into corporations
All newspaper editors and contributors to be German and non German papers to appear only with the permission of the government

Question 19

Date of Munich putsch

Answer 19

1923

Question 20

General Ludendorff

Answer 20

One of the German army leaders during the First World War, after the war he criticised the new republic and accused it of having stabbed the army in the back

Question 21

Background to the Munich putsch

Answer 21

Weimar Republic was unpopular die to effects of hyperinflation
Hitler wanted to overthrow the republic by organising a putsch in Bavaria and then march in Berlin
1922 the Italian leader Mussolini has successfully marched on Rome and taken over the Italian government with the support of the regular army. Hitler knee he would have to win over the army to be successful
He thought the Bavarian leaders would support him including gustav Von kahr, Otto Von l’oasis and hans seisser

Question 22

Events of the Munich putsch

Answer 22

November 8 1923 hitler and sa burst into a beer hall disrupting a political meeting attended by kahr seisser and lossow
The theee leaders were held at gunpoint until they offered support for the putsch, they were then released
Following day hitler, ludendorff and 3000 supporters including SA marched through Munich hoping to win mass public support
Seisser and lossow had changed their minds and organised troops and police to resist them
16 members killed, hitler fled
11 November hitler arrested and Nazi party banned

Question 23

Consequences of the Munich putsch

Answer 23

February 1924 hitler was put on trial the charge was high treason
Hitler turned it into a propaganda success using it to attack Weimar Republic
Gave him nationwide publicity
Court was sympathetic to hitler and gave him the minimum sentence for the offence-5 years
Hitler Imprisoned in landsberg prison for only 9 months
He wrote mein kampf
Hitler realised he needed complete control over the party and that in future he would try to gain power by legal methods- winning elections

Question 24

When were the lean years

Answer 24

1924-29

Question 25

How did the party do well in the lean years

Answer 25

32 seats in 1924 elections
Mein kampf provided key ideas for the development of the Nazi party with its focus on the importance of propaganda and anti semitism
Party branches ran by Gauleiters
1926 bamberg conference hitler continued to strengthen his position, possible rivals were won over or removed
Membership increased to 100,000 members by 1928

Question 26

Growth of unemployment cured and impact

Answer 26

Wall Street crash
Weimar Republic blames for allowing the economy to become too dependent on US loans
Disagreement in government about the level of unemployment contributions
Chancellor müller resigned in March 1930
Brining became chancellor after muller
Burnings réduction of government spending, pay cuts, cuts to unemployment benefit and increase in taxes lost him support may 1932 he resigned
Elections called in July and November 1932
Communist party gained 100 seats in November 1932 elections

Question 27

Wall Street crash

Answer 27

Collapse of the US stock market on the 29th october 1929 leading to the depression and world economic crisis

Question 28

reasons for growth in support for the Nazi party

Answer 28

Hitler
Sa
Goebbels

Question 29

reasons for growth in support for the Nazi party hitler

Answer 29

Posters and rallies built hitler up as superman
Unemployment had hit everyone this hitler tried to appeal to all sections of society, the Nazi message was that the Weimar Republic had caused the economic crisis and that weak coalition governments had no real solutions to offer
Nazis could unite Germany in a time of crisis
Hitler provides German people with a scapegoat- blaming Jews for problems
Hitler won support from business and industrialists who donated funds to the Nazi party, they were especially concerned at increased support for the communist party

Question 30

Reasons for the growth in support for the nazis sa

Answer 30

By 1932 sa numbered 600,000
Organised parades through towns and cities impressing many Germans who saw order and discipline in a time of chaos
Used to imitate any opposition especially the communists

Question 31

Reasons for the growth in support for the nazis goebbles

Answer 31

Josef goebbles was a master of propaganda and used every possible method to get across the Nazi message:
Posters targeted different audiences and were timed to have maximum impact, their message was simple and clear
He chartered planes to fly hitler all over Germany to speak at four or five rallies per day

Question 32

Josef goebbles

Answer 32

Joined Nazi party in 1922 and in 1928 elected to the reichstag
Appointed head of propaganda of the nazi party in 1929
1933 he was appointed minister of public propaganda and enlightenment

Question 33

Paul Von Hindenburg

Answer 33

A leading general in ww1 becoming chief of the general staff in 1916
He retired from the army in 1918 and supported the stab in the back theory
President of Germany 1925-34

Question 34

Franz Von papen

Answer 34

Entered politics in 1918 as a member of the catholic centre party and four years later was elected to the reichstag
He eventually became a favourite of Hindenburg
When hitler became chancellor in January 1933 Von papen was his vice chancellor

Question 35

Political developments 1932

Answer 35

Bruning stepped down May 1932
Franz Von papen appointed chancellor
July 1932 Von papen held election nazis won 230 seats and became largest party in the reichstag
Hitler demanded post of chancellor, Hindenburg refused
November Von papen held election, won even fewer seats. Nazis fell to 196
Von papen suggested abolishing the Weimar constitution
Von schleicher appointed as chancellor which lasted less than two months

Question 36

Back stairs intrigue

Answer 36

Von papen was determined to regain power
Met hitler in January 1933, agreed hitler should lead a government with Von papen as vice chancellor
Nazis had support of the army, major landowners and industry as they were scared of a communist take over
Papen convinces Hindenburg that a coalition government could work and would save Germany
Hitler was able to become chancellor as he fell under the rules of the constitution
31 January 1933 hitler became chancellor