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AS Geography > Key Words Settlement > Flashcards

Key Words Settlement Flashcards

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1
Q

Agglomeration economies

A

Savings made by firms that locate in clusters and/or in large urban areas

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2
Q

Assisted areas

A

Areas that have accurate economic social and environmental problems and that are targeted by overnments for financial help

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3
Q

Bid-rent theory

A

Theory of competitive bidding by different land users for sites in urban areas, the outcome of which is a series of zones

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4
Q

Brownfield site

A

Site for housing, industry or commerce that has previously been developed and built on

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5
Q

Burgess’s zonal model

A

Urban structure model where land use is organised as a series of concentric rings or zones around the city centre

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6
Q

Business park

A

Purpose built office complex that accommodates service activities, often in a landscaped setting, on the edge of town

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7
Q

CBD

A

Central business district, central part of a town or city dominated by commercial land uses

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8
Q

Centrality

A

Importance or status of a central place, measured in several ways such a population size, total number of functions etc

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9
Q

Convenience goods or services

A

Low-cost goods and services that are purchased frequently services

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10
Q

Core and frame model

A

Model of the spatial structure of the CBD which recognises an inner zone of higher-intensity land use

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11
Q

Counterunrbanisation

A

Decentralising movement of population in MEDCs away from cities and conurbations, to small towns and villages in commuter hinterlands to remoter rural areas

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12
Q

Dispersed settlement

A

Pattern of settlement dominated by isolated farms

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13
Q

Edge city

A

City-like settlements on the fringes of existing urban settlements

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14
Q

Enterprise zone

A

K planning unit devised in the 1980s which covered areas of acute unemployment, dereliction and decay in towns and cities

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15
Q

Exurbs

A

Settlements that are functionally linked to nearby urban areas, but which are physically separate from them, often called dormitory or commuter villages

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16
Q

Footloose industry

A

Industry that has few constraints on its location

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17
Q

FDI

A

Foreign direct investment, inward investment by a foreign company in a country or region

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18
Q

Gentrification

A

Processes by which former low-income inner-city housing areas in MEDCs are invaded by higher-income groups and refurbished

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19
Q

Ghetto

A

Concentration of people of similar socio-economic or cultural ethnic background within a well defined geographical enclave in a city

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20
Q

Greenbelt

A

Zone of predominantly rural land use encircling an urban area, where strict controls on development apply

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21
Q

Harris-Ullman multiple- nuclei model

A

Urban structure model that describes patterns of urban land use as a series of discrete nuclei

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22
Q

Honeypot

A

Highly popular location for visitors in a conservation area such a National Park

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23
Q

Hoyt’s urban sector model

A

Classic urban structure model in which land use is organised as a series of sectors radiating from the city centre

24
Q

Industrial estate

A

Modern industrial area with purpose-built units and good road access often located on the edge of town

25
Q

Infrastructure

A

Fixed capital investment in transport networks, utility grids, housing, hospitals, school etc

26
Q

Greenfield Site

A

Site for housing, commerce or industry that has not previously been built on

27
Q

Inner City

A

Zone of within 1 or 2 km of the CBD

28
Q

Land degradation

A

Deterioration in the suitability of land for agriculture that results from soil erosion, desertification and salinization

29
Q

Land reform

A

Government-organised redistribution of agricultural land

30
Q

Nucleated settlement pattern

A

Spatial distribution of rural settlement dominated by villages

31
Q

Nucleated village

A

Village with a compact form, where farms, houses and other buildings are clustered around a central green, square, church etc.

32
Q

Perception

A

Psychological function that enables an individual to convert sensory information into organised and coherent experience

33
Q

Periphery

A

Areas that are geographically remote from a central core region

34
Q

Primary sector

A

Economic activities that produce food, fuel and raw materials

35
Q

Quaternary sector

A

Activities such as finance, trade and research and development

36
Q

Rank size distribution

A

Urban hierarchy in a country where the largest city is twice as big as the second city, three times the size of the third city and so on

37
Q

Regional shopping centre

A

Planned edge-of-town shopping centre, comparable in scale and range of shops to the central shopping area of large town or city

38
Q

Retail park

A

Planned out-of-town shopping area, dominated by several large retail sheds and with extensive on-site parking

39
Q

Reurbanisation

A

Movement of people back to inner cities in MEDCS from the outer suburbs and exurbs

40
Q

Rural depopulation

A

Absolute decline in the population in a rural area

41
Q

Rurality

A

Degree to which area can be defined as rural rather than urban

42
Q

Rural-urban fringe

A

Zone of rural land use immediate adjacent to a large town or city

43
Q

Secondary sector

A

Economic sector that covers manufacturing industries

44
Q

Sphere of influence/trade area

A

Area served with goods and services by a central place

45
Q

Suburbanisation

A

Growth of suburbs through the decentralisation of population, industry and commercial activities

46
Q

Teriarisation

A

Rapid growth of activities in the economies of MEDCs in the last service 30-40 years

47
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Generally, an alternative name for all service activities; or specifically, those service activities those linked with industry

48
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum number of people or the minimum expenditure required to support a good or service in a Central Place

49
Q

Urban development corporation(UDC)

A

Government-appointed QUANGO whose brief was to regenerate run down and derelict areas in major British cities

50
Q

Urban growth

A

Absolute increase in population living in urban areas or the physical expansion of urban areas

51
Q

Urbanisation

A

Increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas

52
Q

Urbanisation diseconomies

A

Economic disadvantages of locating in large urban areas

53
Q

Urbanisation economies

A

Advantages to firms of locating in urban areas where essential economic and social infrastructures are already in place

54
Q

Urban-rural manufacturing shift

A

Increase in the proportion of manufacturing in small towns and rural areas since 1970

55
Q

Urban spraw

A

Loss of countryside caused by the physical expansion of towns and cities

56
Q

World city

A

City that functions as a command-and-control centre for the global economy

57
Q

Zone

A

In urban geography, a concentric ring of uniform land use in a city

AS Geography (8 decks)

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