Key Words Settlement

Question 1

Agglomeration economies

Answer 1

Savings made by firms that locate in clusters and/or in large urban areas

Question 2

Assisted areas

Answer 2

Areas that have accurate economic social and environmental problems and that are targeted by overnments for financial help

Question 3

Bid-rent theory

Answer 3

Theory of competitive bidding by different land users for sites in urban areas, the outcome of which is a series of zones

Question 4

Brownfield site

Answer 4

Site for housing, industry or commerce that has previously been developed and built on

Question 5

Burgess’s zonal model

Answer 5

Urban structure model where land use is organised as a series of concentric rings or zones around the city centre

Question 6

Business park

Answer 6

Purpose built office complex that accommodates service activities, often in a landscaped setting, on the edge of town

Question 7

CBD

Answer 7

Central business district, central part of a town or city dominated by commercial land uses

Question 8

Centrality

Answer 8

Importance or status of a central place, measured in several ways such a population size, total number of functions etc

Question 9

Convenience goods or services

Answer 9

Low-cost goods and services that are purchased frequently services

Question 10

Core and frame model

Answer 10

Model of the spatial structure of the CBD which recognises an inner zone of higher-intensity land use

Question 11

Counterunrbanisation

Answer 11

Decentralising movement of population in MEDCs away from cities and conurbations, to small towns and villages in commuter hinterlands to remoter rural areas

Question 12

Dispersed settlement

Answer 12

Pattern of settlement dominated by isolated farms

Question 13

Edge city

Answer 13

City-like settlements on the fringes of existing urban settlements

Question 14

Enterprise zone

Answer 14

K planning unit devised in the 1980s which covered areas of acute unemployment, dereliction and decay in towns and cities

Question 15

Exurbs

Answer 15

Settlements that are functionally linked to nearby urban areas, but which are physically separate from them, often called dormitory or commuter villages

Question 16

Footloose industry

Answer 16

Industry that has few constraints on its location

Question 17

FDI

Answer 17

Foreign direct investment, inward investment by a foreign company in a country or region

Question 18

Gentrification

Answer 18

Processes by which former low-income inner-city housing areas in MEDCs are invaded by higher-income groups and refurbished

Question 19

Ghetto

Answer 19

Concentration of people of similar socio-economic or cultural ethnic background within a well defined geographical enclave in a city

Question 20

Greenbelt

Answer 20

Zone of predominantly rural land use encircling an urban area, where strict controls on development apply

Question 21

Harris-Ullman multiple- nuclei model

Answer 21

Urban structure model that describes patterns of urban land use as a series of discrete nuclei

Question 22

Honeypot

Answer 22

Highly popular location for visitors in a conservation area such a National Park

Question 23

Hoyt’s urban sector model

Answer 23

Classic urban structure model in which land use is organised as a series of sectors radiating from the city centre

Question 24

Industrial estate

Answer 24

Modern industrial area with purpose-built units and good road access often located on the edge of town

Question 25

Infrastructure

Answer 25

Fixed capital investment in transport networks, utility grids, housing, hospitals, school etc

Question 26

Greenfield Site

Answer 26

Site for housing, commerce or industry that has not previously been built on

Question 27

Inner City

Answer 27

Zone of within 1 or 2 km of the CBD

Question 28

Land degradation

Answer 28

Deterioration in the suitability of land for agriculture that results from soil erosion, desertification and salinization

Question 29

Land reform

Answer 29

Government-organised redistribution of agricultural land

Question 30

Nucleated settlement pattern

Answer 30

Spatial distribution of rural settlement dominated by villages

Question 31

Nucleated village

Answer 31

Village with a compact form, where farms, houses and other buildings are clustered around a central green, square, church etc.

Question 32

Perception

Answer 32

Psychological function that enables an individual to convert sensory information into organised and coherent experience

Question 33

Periphery

Answer 33

Areas that are geographically remote from a central core region

Question 34

Primary sector

Answer 34

Economic activities that produce food, fuel and raw materials

Question 35

Quaternary sector

Answer 35

Activities such as finance, trade and research and development

Question 36

Rank size distribution

Answer 36

Urban hierarchy in a country where the largest city is twice as big as the second city, three times the size of the third city and so on

Question 37

Regional shopping centre

Answer 37

Planned edge-of-town shopping centre, comparable in scale and range of shops to the central shopping area of large town or city

Question 38

Retail park

Answer 38

Planned out-of-town shopping area, dominated by several large retail sheds and with extensive on-site parking

Question 39

Reurbanisation

Answer 39

Movement of people back to inner cities in MEDCS from the outer suburbs and exurbs

Question 40

Rural depopulation

Answer 40

Absolute decline in the population in a rural area

Question 41

Rurality

Answer 41

Degree to which area can be defined as rural rather than urban

Question 42

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 42

Zone of rural land use immediate adjacent to a large town or city

Question 43

Secondary sector

Answer 43

Economic sector that covers manufacturing industries

Question 44

Sphere of influence/trade area

Answer 44

Area served with goods and services by a central place

Question 45

Suburbanisation

Answer 45

Growth of suburbs through the decentralisation of population, industry and commercial activities

Question 46

Teriarisation

Answer 46

Rapid growth of activities in the economies of MEDCs in the last service 30-40 years

Question 47

Tertiary sector

Answer 47

Generally, an alternative name for all service activities; or specifically, those service activities those linked with industry

Question 48

Threshold

Answer 48

Minimum number of people or the minimum expenditure required to support a good or service in a Central Place

Question 49

Urban development corporation(UDC)

Answer 49

Government-appointed QUANGO whose brief was to regenerate run down and derelict areas in major British cities

Question 50

Urban growth

Answer 50

Absolute increase in population living in urban areas or the physical expansion of urban areas

Question 51

Urbanisation

Answer 51

Increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas

Question 52

Urbanisation diseconomies

Answer 52

Economic disadvantages of locating in large urban areas

Question 53

Urbanisation economies

Answer 53

Advantages to firms of locating in urban areas where essential economic and social infrastructures are already in place

Question 54

Urban-rural manufacturing shift

Answer 54

Increase in the proportion of manufacturing in small towns and rural areas since 1970

Question 55

Urban spraw

Answer 55

Loss of countryside caused by the physical expansion of towns and cities

Question 56

World city

Answer 56

City that functions as a command-and-control centre for the global economy

Question 57

Zone

Answer 57

In urban geography, a concentric ring of uniform land use in a city