Case Studies Flashcards

Question

Causes of Climate Change (Natural) Orbital Variations: | Wobble 3

Answer 1

21,000 cycle Earth wobbles on its axis in space Makes the sun closer or further away

Answer 2

41,000 cycle Tilt of the earth on its axis in space When tilt increases, summers are warmer, winters are colder

Answer 3

95,000 cycle Orbit isn't a perfect cycle Milankovitvh's theory fits 14/16 of the warm periods in the past million years

Answer 4

``` UK: Coal produces a 1/3 of electricity now, 1990 2/3 Drax Yorkshire 6 Generators 625 employees 7% electricity needs Produces CO2 228.6 pounds per BTU ```

Answer 5

Responsible for 60% of global warming through the greenhouse effect 75% from fossil fuel burning China=largest consumer of coal Due to industrialization, car ownership, technology and development. 2007 China building a new coal plant every other week

Answer 6

25% more effective at trapping heat than CO2 Intensification of farming--> paddy rice fields Produced as bacteria break down organic material in anaerobic conditions Landfill sites too

Answer 7

First climate change refugees in 2009 Moved to Bougainville, island off Papua New Guinea Community broken up

Answer 8

Highest point= 4.6m 20-40cm rise in the next 10 years, Tuvalu will be uninhabitable Temperature increasing Heat days increasing Ocean acidification increasing--> coral bleached Cyclones and tropical storms increasing Evacuation to New Zealand Storm surges with increased frequency and height Flooding, salination of coils, crops destroyed, sewers leaking

Answer 9

80% of land under 1m above sea level 1m sea level rise effect 15 million people 17,000km of land would be submerged

Answer 10

5895m above sea level 2000-2011 40% of ice melted Glaciers thinnning After 2060 no ice will remain

Answer 11

15000 glaciers | Glacial retreat could effect 500 million people due to people relying upon meltwater

Answer 12

1995 Larsen A ice shelf collapsed 1970 Worldie ice sheet disintegrated 2002 Larsen B disintegrated

Answer 13

Warmed by 0.1°C every decade in the last 50 years | Reduction of glaciers especially due to marine influences

Answer 14

More precipitation--> tropical convection cell increased in size--> closer to east Antarctic--> effecting the polar cell

Answer 15

August 2003 heatwave Hottest for up to 500 years By 2050 could be this hot every other year 38.5°C measured in Kent

Answer 16

River Danube fell to its lowest level in 100 years exposing ww2 bombs Reservoirs ran low Forest fires--> Portugal 215,000ha destroyed Millions of tonnes of top soil eroded--> river water quality decreased Deglaciation and snow melt in the Alps--> increased rock fall

Answer 17

Over 20,000 dead--> temporary mortuaries in refrigeration lorries in France Heat stroke, dehydration, air pollution and sunburn Water supply effected--> hose pipe ban Cost €13.1 billion to agriculture Railway lines buckled in the heat, tubes cancelled, road surfaces melting 2 nuclear power plants had to close down--. water for cooling unavailable Aid from EU

Answer 18

Kyoto Protocol 1997 Internationally reduce Greenhouse and gas emissions Currently 192 parties Canada withdrew in 2012 USA and Australia not ratified--> 2008 joined Climate justice UK target of -8, meet -12.5

Answer 19

Nuclear power- invested by Tony Blair in 2006 Hinkley C Somerset, Oldbury Gloucestershire Gov working with energy companies to invest in wind power UK has 6691 wind turbines 6th largest producer of wind power Wind power 2008 1.5% 2015 11% David Cameron :(

Answer 20

Solar power Gov guarantees minimum price for power Subsides on solar panels Feed in Tariff earn up to £8,080 over 20years

Answer 21

Kingsnorth power station 2007 climbed chimney and attempted to write "Gordon bin it" Caused £30,000 damages 6 protesters Trying to prevent Climate Change--> were acquitted Individuals--> solar, Renault Twizy, recycling

Answer 22

August 17th 1999 | 7.4 Richter scale

Answer 23

Conservative margin slipped between the Eurasian and African plate Occurred on the western portion of the North Anatolian fault zone Anatolian plate being pushed west about 2.5cm a year between the Eurasian and Arabian plates Rupture length of 150km

Answer 24

Tsunami in the Sea of Marmara | 2.5 m high

Answer 25

4500 dead 43959 injured More males dead due to factory area being nearing to the epicentre Temporary mass exodus--> potential aftershocks

Answer 26

Poor building quality--> 600 apartments by the same contractor collapsed 65% of buildings illegal/no regulation 120,000 houses damaged beyond repair Damage to pipes and power lines=fire Trapped in houses 500,000 homeless Lack of clean water + untreated sewage= cholera and diarrhoea Psychological trauma 5 tunnels, 20 viaducts, multiple bridges damaged

Answer 27

Tidal waved flooded farmland damaging crops $23 billion in damage Heavily industrialised and densely populated area damaged Oil refinery, navy base Trans European motorway damaged

Answer 28

Temporary shelter for weeks with little water and poor sanitation International response within 24 hours 12 countries assisted rescue efforts UK pledged £50,000 Engineers from Thames water Red Cross pledge £4.5 million 12 days to restore electricity Bodies buried quickly avoiding disease spread Turkish soldiers given 45 days leave to visit family

Answer 29

Building quality increased Earthquake proof technology and engineering Evacuation tests Isolation valves in gas pipes Istanbul's airport became largest earthquake proof building in the world

Answer 30

Aid services- 72 hours non stop, under prepared, limited resources Scientists- accurately forecast, but still under prepared, pattern of earthquakes moving along the fault line

Answer 31

November 13th 1985

Answer 32

Part of the Ruiz-Tolima massif Intersection of 4 faults Pacific ring of Fire Andean volcanic belt Stratovolcano 25km ice cap on the top Subduction of Nazca beneath South American plate Not erupted for 100 years, pressure build up Lahars= ice cap melting + pyroclastic flow Lahars travel down river valleys--> town located Lahars at 200mph and up to 400°C

Answer 33

Lahars killed 70% of Armero, 22,000 people 15000 animals killed 45,00 people injured

Answer 34

8000 people homelss Roads blocked by mud--> effected food and communication Clean water ran out 50 schools, 2 hospitals damaged

Answer 35

$7.7 billion 20% of GDP 58 industrial plants destroyed 343 commercials establishments destroyed 3,400 ha of agricultural land destroyed

Answer 36

Red Cross, civil defense, military distributed supplies and care 30 countries + offered aid Public protests in 1986 Red Cross leaflets Hazard maps Sirens Route markers painted on buildings to show exits Deemed safe on the 12th of November- preventable?