Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-level Chemistry <3 > Key Words (GNI) > Flashcards

Key Words (GNI) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

1/12 th of the mass of one atom of carbon 12. Everything else is measured relatively to this quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons In the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mass number

A

The number of protons + neutrons in the nucleuns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and differnt masses. Isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to one 1/12th of the mass of an atoms of carbon 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Relative formula mass

A

Compares the mass of a formula unit with the mass of an atom of carbon-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Orbitals

A

Region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isoelectronic

A

Same electron configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Polarity

A

The unequal sharing of electron in a bond, if the electron sharing is equal it is described as non polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ionisation energy

A

The amount of energy requires to remove one electron form each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to from one more of gaseous 1+ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Saturated

A

Has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible (around the carbon atom in a hydrocarbon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unsaturated

A

An organic compound with a double / triple bond capable of adding subsitiuents through addition reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Homologous series

A

An organic compound with the same functional group and similar chemical properties
Each member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional group

A

An atom of group of atoms in an organic molecule, that determines its characteristic chemical and physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Isomer

A

Same molecular formula, but different structure of spatial arrangements of the atom within the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Structural isomer

A

Same molecular formula but differnt structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radical

A

A species with an unpaired valence electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Curly Arrow

A

Shows the movement of a pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mechanism

A

The steps undergone by a chemical reaction as itis occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Homolytic fission

A

covalent bond breaks evenly, and each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

covalent bond breaks, and unequal sharing of the shared pair of electrons results in one of the bonded atoms accepting the bonded pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nucleophile

A

A species that donates a pair of electrons (is attracted to a positive centre)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Electrophile

A

A species that accepts a pair of electrons
(‘electron loving’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Same structural formula but differnt arrangements of atoms in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Addition polymer

A

A very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules

29
Q

Addition polymerisation

A

The process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add pm to growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain

30
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reactiom in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

31
Q

Alicyclic

A

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

32
Q

Aliphatic

A

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or unbranched chains

33
Q

Alkanes

A

The homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2

34
Q

Biodegradable material

A

A substance that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms

35
Q

Carbocation

A

An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge

36
Q

Dehydration

A

An elimination reaction in which water is removed form saturated molecules to make an unsaturated molecule

37
Q

Displayed formula

A

A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

38
Q

E/Z isomerism

A

A type of stereoismerism in which differnt groups attached to each carbon of a c=c double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the C=C bond

39
Q

Electrophillic addition

A

A type of reaction in which an electrophillic is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

40
Q

Elimination reaction.

A

The removal of a molecule form a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

41
Q

Functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

42
Q

General formula

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

43
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing f by CH2

44
Q

Markownikoff rule

A

Used to predict product in addition reactions to an unsymmetrical alkene

45
Q

Mechanisms

A

a sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons in a reaction

46
Q

Molecular formula

A

The number of atoms of each element in a molecule

47
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer

48
Q

Pi bond

A

the reactive part of a double bond formed above and below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p orbitals

49
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecular chain built form monomer units

50
Q

Propagation

A

The two repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction

51
Q

Radical

A

Species with an unpaired electron

52
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon with single bonds only

53
Q

Skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms removed form alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional group

54
Q

Structural formula

A

A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

55
Q

Stratosphere

A

The second layer of the earths atmosphere contains the ozone later
About 10km to 50km above the earths surface

56
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecular with the same molecular formula but differnt structural arrangement of atoms

57
Q

Termination

A

The step at the end of a radical substitution when 2 radicals combine to from a molecule

58
Q

Troposphere

A

The lowest layer of the earths atmosphere extending form the earths surface up to about 7km and to about 20km

59
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds

60
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

The average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol if a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species

61
Q

Bond enthalpy

A

The enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1. Ole of a given bond in the molecule of a gaseous species

62
Q

Greenhouse effect t

A

The process in which the absorption and subsequent emission of infrared radiation by the atmospheric gases a
Warms the lower atmosphere and the planets surface

63
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds

64
Q

Nucleophilic substitution

A

A type of susbstitution reaction in which a nucleophilic id attracted to an electron deficient centre or atoms, where it donates a pair of electron to form a new covalent bond

65
Q

Reflux

A

The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry

66
Q

Substitution reaction

A

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a differnt atom or group of atoms

67
Q

Fragmentation

A

The process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positives fragment
ion

68
Q

Esterification

A

The reaction of an alcohol with a Carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water

A-level Chemistry <3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions