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marine biology > key words > Flashcards

key words Flashcards

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1
Q

Brevetoxins

A

Neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates -> red tides

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2
Q

Luciferin

A

Substrate for luciferase enzyme to produce bioluminescent characteristics in deep sea organisms

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3
Q

Compensation depth

A

Depth where photosynthesis rate = respiration rate

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4
Q

Bioturbation

A

Turn over of soft substrate

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5
Q

Pneumatocyst

A

Gas bubble in seaweed to keep afloat

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6
Q

Ria

A

Drowned valley estuary

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7
Q

Fjord

A

Estuary created by glacial cutting

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8
Q

Autochthonous

A

Formed in present position

Food produced in the same place it is consumed

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9
Q

Allochthonous

A

Food produced elsewhere then transported to area it is consumed in

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10
Q

Transparent exocellular polymeric material (TEPS)

A

Glues organic particles together to form marine snow

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11
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Structure at the back of shark eye effectively doubling the amount of light that is received

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12
Q

Ampullary receptors

A

Detect electroreception associated with low frequencies

In recesses in skin - connected to surface by conductive gel

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13
Q

Tuburous receptors

A

Electroreceptors for higher frequency detection

In depressions in the surface epidermis

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14
Q

Magnetite

A

Substance used for magnetoreception

Used for navigation in salmon and tuna

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15
Q

Interoparous

A

Reproduce many times in life time

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16
Q

Semelparous

A

One massive reproductive event then die

17
Q

Epitoky

A

Partial or whole body transformation for reproduction

Epitoke is effectively a large sack of gametes that bursts in the water column - external fertilisation

18
Q

Lecithotrophic

A

Non-feeding larvae

Often less discriminating in settlement substrate ‘choice’ (Marshall and Keough 2003)

19
Q

Planktotrophic

A

Feeding larvae

20
Q

Hyponome

A

Used by cephalopods to direct water in jet propulsion to increase efficiency of movement

21
Q

Froude propulsion efficiency

A

Ratio of energy input vs energy output

Higher = more efficient energy use for movement (jet propulsion)

22
Q

Anguilloform

A

‘wave’ movement - no change in amplitude

Used by eels

23
Q

Carangiform

A

Stiff body

Most work for movement done by the tail

24
Q

Sub-carangiform

A

Most movement produced by the tail

25
Q

Thunniform

A

All thrust from tail

Tuna, sharks eg.

26
Q

Ostraciform

A

No body movement, only tail

27
Q

Squalene

A

Lipid used by sharks to control buoyancy

Stored in liver

28
Q

Eclosion

A

Emergence from metamorphosis structure

29
Q

Domoic acid

A

Produced by some diatom blooms

Causes shellfish poisoning

marine biology (3 decks)

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