key words Flashcards
Brevetoxins
Neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates -> red tides
Luciferin
Substrate for luciferase enzyme to produce bioluminescent characteristics in deep sea organisms
Compensation depth
Depth where photosynthesis rate = respiration rate
Bioturbation
Turn over of soft substrate
Pneumatocyst
Gas bubble in seaweed to keep afloat
Ria
Drowned valley estuary
Fjord
Estuary created by glacial cutting
Autochthonous
Formed in present position
Food produced in the same place it is consumed
Allochthonous
Food produced elsewhere then transported to area it is consumed in
Transparent exocellular polymeric material (TEPS)
Glues organic particles together to form marine snow
Tapetum lucidum
Structure at the back of shark eye effectively doubling the amount of light that is received
Ampullary receptors
Detect electroreception associated with low frequencies
In recesses in skin - connected to surface by conductive gel
Tuburous receptors
Electroreceptors for higher frequency detection
In depressions in the surface epidermis
Magnetite
Substance used for magnetoreception
Used for navigation in salmon and tuna
Interoparous
Reproduce many times in life time
Semelparous
One massive reproductive event then die
Epitoky
Partial or whole body transformation for reproduction
Epitoke is effectively a large sack of gametes that bursts in the water column - external fertilisation
Lecithotrophic
Non-feeding larvae
Often less discriminating in settlement substrate ‘choice’ (Marshall and Keough 2003)
Planktotrophic
Feeding larvae
Hyponome
Used by cephalopods to direct water in jet propulsion to increase efficiency of movement
Froude propulsion efficiency
Ratio of energy input vs energy output
Higher = more efficient energy use for movement (jet propulsion)
Anguilloform
‘wave’ movement - no change in amplitude
Used by eels
Carangiform
Stiff body
Most work for movement done by the tail
Sub-carangiform
Most movement produced by the tail
Thunniform
All thrust from tail
Tuna, sharks eg.
Ostraciform
No body movement, only tail
Squalene
Lipid used by sharks to control buoyancy
Stored in liver
Eclosion
Emergence from metamorphosis structure
Domoic acid
Produced by some diatom blooms
Causes shellfish poisoning
