Key Words Flashcards
rales
Rales are small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and course.
rhonchi
Rhonchi are sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways.
stridor
Stridor is a wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.
wheezing
Wheezes are high-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They can be heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.
Heart murmur scale 1
Levine scale
The murmur is only audible on listening carefully for some time.
2
The murmur is faint but immediately audible on placing the stethoscope on the chest.
3
A loud murmur readily audible but with no palpable thrill.[4]
4
A loud murmur with a palpable thrill.
5
A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is so loud that it is audible with only the rim of the stethoscope touching the chest.
6
A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is audible with the stethoscope not touching the chest but lifted just off it.
discharge rate for junctional pacemakers
40-60
Where to measure core body temperature
pulmonary artery> distal esophagus> bladder> nasopharyngeal> rectal
normal number of adult teeth
32
aortic stenosis
mid-systolic ejection murmur heard best over aortic area (right sternal border). crescendo/decresendo. Radiates to neck
Mitral valve prolapse
mid-systolic click. heard best over mitral area (v4)
Heart sounds
s1 mitral & tricuspid valves closing. dat lub sound
FRC
functional residual capacity. Volume after passive exhalation 30ml/kg
effect of ill fitting blood pressure cuff
too small: reading higher than actual. too big: reading lower than actual. bladder should be 40% of circumference.
Purpose of review of systems
to gain understanding of overall, general health of patient
discharge rate for junctional pacemakers
40-60
significant or pathological Q waves
very depressed below isoelectric line
external palpation will elicit pain in what sinus
frontal and maxillary
location of cricoid cartilage in adults
vertebral c6
normal PR interval
120-200 ms
atrial fibrillation defined
irregularly irregular pulse w/ undulating baseline, atrial rate: 350-500 bpm
1 large square EKG paper
0.2 sec
difficult intubation possible indicators
Mallampati 3/4; Thyromental distance < 6 cm; mouth opening < 3 cm; neck pathology from scar, mass or radiation, thick neck, limited cervical motion
definition V-tach
run of 3+ consecutive PVCs
definition atrial flutter
regular, saw-tooth rhythm, atrial rate: 250-350 bpm
normal thyromental distance
6 cm
irregularly irregular pulse associated with?
atrial fibrillation
candidiasis
aka thrush; yeast infection sometimes seen in the mouth associated with prolonged use of antibiotics/corticosteroids, or AIDS
normal size adult mouth opening
4 cm
exopthalmus and corneal abrasions
exophthalmos (associated w/ graves’ disease/hyperthyroidism) increases likelihood of corneal abrasion
artery blocked with EKG changes are seen in lead I, aVL, V5, V6
??? (i guessed coronary arteries, couldn’t find a definitive answer)-
calculate pack year history
packs per day x years
location to listen to mitral valve
cardiac apex (or left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular)
location to listen to aortic stenosis
2nd right intercostal space
sounds better heard by diaphragm
high pitched. S1 S2, murmurs
MET considered adequate for anesthesia and surgical procedure
at least 4 (?) 4MET = 1FOS
correct position for taking BP
relaxed, down by side, cuff at heart level
laryngeal grade
Grade 1: See everything. Grade 2: Can’t see anterior commisure of cords. Grade 3: Only see epiglottis. Grade 4: Oh shit, get the glidescope
definition of a thrill
palpable vibration from a cardiac murmur
definition of a bruit
swooshing noise from turbulent blood flow
ADL
activities of daily living
abnormal ST segment
indicative of ischemia
grade of murmurs
I: faint, II: quiet, III:moderately loud, IV: loud with palpable thrill, V: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope partly off of chest. VI: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope off of chest.
CAGE assessment
Cutback, Annoying, Guilty, Eyeopener
torsades de pointes
polymorphic v-tach; seen in pts w. prolonged qt intervals. continually changing amplitude.
claudication
(leg) pain caused by poor circulation; triggered by exertion, relieved by rest
orthopnea
shortness of breath in recumbent position; relieved by sitting/standing
paroxysmal noctural dyspnea
shortness of breath that awakens pt, after ~1-2 hrs of sleep. relieved in upright position
lab values: blood glucose
60-110 mg/dl
sodium
135-147 meq/l
potassium
3.5-5.2
serum creatinine
0.5-1.4 mg/dl
EKG identification Torsades de Pointes
form of V-tach, seen in patients with prolonged QT
S3 heart sound
rapid movement of blood against the ventricular wall. anemia, fever, PG, thryrotoxicosis
