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Clinical Methods Test 1 > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

rales

A

Rales are small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and course.

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2
Q

rhonchi

A

Rhonchi are sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways.

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3
Q

stridor

A

Stridor is a wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.

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4
Q

wheezing

A

Wheezes are high-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They can be heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.

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5
Q

Heart murmur scale 1

Levine scale

A

The murmur is only audible on listening carefully for some time.

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6
Q

2

A

The murmur is faint but immediately audible on placing the stethoscope on the chest.

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7
Q

3

A

A loud murmur readily audible but with no palpable thrill.[4]

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8
Q

4

A

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill.

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9
Q

5

A

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is so loud that it is audible with only the rim of the stethoscope touching the chest.

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10
Q

6

A

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is audible with the stethoscope not touching the chest but lifted just off it.

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11
Q

discharge rate for junctional pacemakers

A

40-60

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12
Q

Where to measure core body temperature

A

pulmonary artery> distal esophagus> bladder> nasopharyngeal> rectal

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13
Q

normal number of adult teeth

A

32

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14
Q

aortic stenosis

A

mid-systolic ejection murmur heard best over aortic area (right sternal border). crescendo/decresendo. Radiates to neck

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15
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

mid-systolic click. heard best over mitral area (v4)

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16
Q

Heart sounds

A

s1 mitral & tricuspid valves closing. dat lub sound

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17
Q

FRC

A

functional residual capacity. Volume after passive exhalation 30ml/kg

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18
Q

effect of ill fitting blood pressure cuff

A

too small: reading higher than actual. too big: reading lower than actual. bladder should be 40% of circumference.

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19
Q

Purpose of review of systems

A

to gain understanding of overall, general health of patient

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20
Q

discharge rate for junctional pacemakers

A

40-60

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21
Q

significant or pathological Q waves

A

very depressed below isoelectric line

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22
Q

external palpation will elicit pain in what sinus

A

frontal and maxillary

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23
Q

location of cricoid cartilage in adults

A

vertebral c6

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24
Q

normal PR interval

A

120-200 ms

25
Q

atrial fibrillation defined

A

irregularly irregular pulse w/ undulating baseline, atrial rate: 350-500 bpm

26
Q

1 large square EKG paper

A

0.2 sec

27
Q

difficult intubation possible indicators

A

Mallampati 3/4; Thyromental distance < 6 cm; mouth opening < 3 cm; neck pathology from scar, mass or radiation, thick neck, limited cervical motion

28
Q

definition V-tach

A

run of 3+ consecutive PVCs

29
Q

definition atrial flutter

A

regular, saw-tooth rhythm, atrial rate: 250-350 bpm

30
Q

normal thyromental distance

A

6 cm

31
Q

irregularly irregular pulse associated with?

A

atrial fibrillation

32
Q

candidiasis

A

aka thrush; yeast infection sometimes seen in the mouth associated with prolonged use of antibiotics/corticosteroids, or AIDS

33
Q

normal size adult mouth opening

A

4 cm

34
Q

exopthalmus and corneal abrasions

A

exophthalmos (associated w/ graves’ disease/hyperthyroidism) increases likelihood of corneal abrasion

35
Q

artery blocked with EKG changes are seen in lead I, aVL, V5, V6

A

??? (i guessed coronary arteries, couldn’t find a definitive answer)-

36
Q

calculate pack year history

A

packs per day x years

37
Q

location to listen to mitral valve

A

cardiac apex (or left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular)

38
Q

location to listen to aortic stenosis

A

2nd right intercostal space

39
Q

sounds better heard by diaphragm

A

high pitched. S1 S2, murmurs

40
Q

MET considered adequate for anesthesia and surgical procedure

A

at least 4 (?) 4MET = 1FOS

41
Q

correct position for taking BP

A

relaxed, down by side, cuff at heart level

42
Q

laryngeal grade

A

Grade 1: See everything. Grade 2: Can’t see anterior commisure of cords. Grade 3: Only see epiglottis. Grade 4: Oh shit, get the glidescope

43
Q

definition of a thrill

A

palpable vibration from a cardiac murmur

44
Q

definition of a bruit

A

swooshing noise from turbulent blood flow

45
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

46
Q

abnormal ST segment

A

indicative of ischemia

47
Q

grade of murmurs

A

I: faint, II: quiet, III:moderately loud, IV: loud with palpable thrill, V: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope partly off of chest. VI: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope off of chest.

48
Q

CAGE assessment

A

Cutback, Annoying, Guilty, Eyeopener

49
Q

torsades de pointes

A

polymorphic v-tach; seen in pts w. prolonged qt intervals. continually changing amplitude.

50
Q

claudication

A

(leg) pain caused by poor circulation; triggered by exertion, relieved by rest

51
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath in recumbent position; relieved by sitting/standing

52
Q

paroxysmal noctural dyspnea

A

shortness of breath that awakens pt, after ~1-2 hrs of sleep. relieved in upright position

53
Q

lab values: blood glucose

A

60-110 mg/dl

54
Q

sodium

A

135-147 meq/l

55
Q

potassium

A

3.5-5.2

56
Q

serum creatinine

A

0.5-1.4 mg/dl

57
Q

EKG identification Torsades de Pointes

A

form of V-tach, seen in patients with prolonged QT

58
Q

S3 heart sound

A

rapid movement of blood against the ventricular wall. anemia, fever, PG, thryrotoxicosis

Clinical Methods Test 1 (8 decks)

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