Key Words

Question 1

rales

Answer 1

Rales are small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and course.

Question 2

rhonchi

Answer 2

Rhonchi are sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways.

Question 3

stridor

Answer 3

Stridor is a wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.

Question 4

wheezing

Answer 4

Wheezes are high-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They can be heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.

Question 5

Heart murmur scale 1

Levine scale

Answer 5

The murmur is only audible on listening carefully for some time.

Question 6

2

Answer 6

The murmur is faint but immediately audible on placing the stethoscope on the chest.

Question 7

3

Answer 7

A loud murmur readily audible but with no palpable thrill.[4]

Question 8

4

Answer 8

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill.

Question 9

5

Answer 9

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is so loud that it is audible with only the rim of the stethoscope touching the chest.

Question 10

6

Answer 10

A loud murmur with a palpable thrill. The murmur is audible with the stethoscope not touching the chest but lifted just off it.

Question 11

discharge rate for junctional pacemakers

Answer 11

40-60

Question 12

Where to measure core body temperature

Answer 12

pulmonary artery> distal esophagus> bladder> nasopharyngeal> rectal

Question 13

normal number of adult teeth

Answer 13

32

Question 14

aortic stenosis

Answer 14

mid-systolic ejection murmur heard best over aortic area (right sternal border). crescendo/decresendo. Radiates to neck

Question 15

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 15

mid-systolic click. heard best over mitral area (v4)

Question 16

Heart sounds

Answer 16

s1 mitral & tricuspid valves closing. dat lub sound

Question 17

FRC

Answer 17

functional residual capacity. Volume after passive exhalation 30ml/kg

Question 18

effect of ill fitting blood pressure cuff

Answer 18

too small: reading higher than actual. too big: reading lower than actual. bladder should be 40% of circumference.

Question 19

Purpose of review of systems

Answer 19

to gain understanding of overall, general health of patient

Question 20

discharge rate for junctional pacemakers

Answer 20

40-60

Question 21

significant or pathological Q waves

Answer 21

very depressed below isoelectric line

Question 22

external palpation will elicit pain in what sinus

Answer 22

frontal and maxillary

Question 23

location of cricoid cartilage in adults

Answer 23

vertebral c6

Question 24

normal PR interval

Answer 24

120-200 ms

Question 25

atrial fibrillation defined

Answer 25

irregularly irregular pulse w/ undulating baseline, atrial rate: 350-500 bpm

Question 26

1 large square EKG paper

Answer 26

0.2 sec

Question 27

difficult intubation possible indicators

Answer 27

Mallampati 3/4; Thyromental distance < 6 cm; mouth opening < 3 cm; neck pathology from scar, mass or radiation, thick neck, limited cervical motion

Question 28

definition V-tach

Answer 28

run of 3+ consecutive PVCs

Question 29

definition atrial flutter

Answer 29

regular, saw-tooth rhythm, atrial rate: 250-350 bpm

Question 30

normal thyromental distance

Answer 30

6 cm

Question 31

irregularly irregular pulse associated with?

Answer 31

atrial fibrillation

Question 32

candidiasis

Answer 32

aka thrush; yeast infection sometimes seen in the mouth associated with prolonged use of antibiotics/corticosteroids, or AIDS

Question 33

normal size adult mouth opening

Answer 33

4 cm

Question 34

exopthalmus and corneal abrasions

Answer 34

exophthalmos (associated w/ graves' disease/hyperthyroidism) increases likelihood of corneal abrasion

Question 35

artery blocked with EKG changes are seen in lead I, aVL, V5, V6

Answer 35

??? (i guessed coronary arteries, couldn't find a definitive answer)-

Question 36

calculate pack year history

Answer 36

packs per day x years

Question 37

location to listen to mitral valve

Answer 37

cardiac apex (or left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular)

Question 38

location to listen to aortic stenosis

Answer 38

2nd right intercostal space

Question 39

sounds better heard by diaphragm

Answer 39

high pitched. S1 S2, murmurs

Question 40

MET considered adequate for anesthesia and surgical procedure

Answer 40

at least 4 (?) 4MET = 1FOS

Question 41

correct position for taking BP

Answer 41

relaxed, down by side, cuff at heart level

Question 42

laryngeal grade

Answer 42

Grade 1: See everything. Grade 2: Can't see anterior commisure of cords. Grade 3: Only see epiglottis. Grade 4: Oh shit, get the glidescope

Question 43

definition of a thrill

Answer 43

palpable vibration from a cardiac murmur

Question 44

definition of a bruit

Answer 44

swooshing noise from turbulent blood flow

Question 45

ADL

Answer 45

activities of daily living

Question 46

abnormal ST segment

Answer 46

indicative of ischemia

Question 47

grade of murmurs

Answer 47

I: faint, II: quiet, III:moderately loud, IV: loud with palpable thrill, V: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope partly off of chest. VI: very loud, thrill, heard with stethoscope off of chest.

Question 48

CAGE assessment

Answer 48

Cutback, Annoying, Guilty, Eyeopener

Question 49

torsades de pointes

Answer 49

polymorphic v-tach; seen in pts w. prolonged qt intervals. continually changing amplitude.

Question 50

claudication

Answer 50

(leg) pain caused by poor circulation; triggered by exertion, relieved by rest

Question 51

orthopnea

Answer 51

shortness of breath in recumbent position; relieved by sitting/standing

Question 52

paroxysmal noctural dyspnea

Answer 52

shortness of breath that awakens pt, after ~1-2 hrs of sleep. relieved in upright position

Question 53

lab values: blood glucose

Answer 53

60-110 mg/dl

Question 54

sodium

Answer 54

135-147 meq/l

Question 55

potassium

Answer 55

3.5-5.2

Question 56

serum creatinine

Answer 56

0.5-1.4 mg/dl

Question 57

EKG identification Torsades de Pointes

Answer 57

form of V-tach, seen in patients with prolonged QT

Question 58

S3 heart sound

Answer 58

rapid movement of blood against the ventricular wall. anemia, fever, PG, thryrotoxicosis