HEENT Flashcards
Submandibular abscess presents a(n) _____ emergency
airway
tear fluid origin
lacrimal gland
tear drainage site
punctum to lacrimal sac and into nose via nasolacrimal duct
controls pupillary size
iris
controls thickness of lens
ciliary body
fundus
contains retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc and retinal vessels
Ossicles
incus, malleus, stapes
Conductive hearing
external & middle ear
sensorineural phase/hearing
cochlea and cochlear nerve (CN8)
functions of the nose 3
humidification, temperature control of inspired air, cleansing
anterior triangle of neck
mandible, sternomastoid, midline of neck
posterior triangle of neck
sternomastoid, clavicle, trapezius
presbyopia
far sighted
myopia
nearsighted
scotomas
dark area/spot surrounded by normal vision
diplopia
double vision
nevi
moles
snellin eye chart
20 feet from chart, cover an eye, read lines.
soft palate innervation
CN X
thyroid overlays which tracheal rings
2,3,4
Difficult intubation indications
radiation to neck: fibrosis, immobility of larynx. Recent craniotomy: limited mobility. Smoking: Salivation, cough, laryngospasm. Aspiration risk from paryngeal pouch
Mallampati score
Class I, fully visible tonsils, uvula and soft palate. Class II: visibility of hard and soft palage, upper portion of tonsils and uvula Class III: Soft and hard palate and base of uvula are visible. Class 4: Only hard palate visible.
Abnormal facies
Cushing’s syndrome. Nephrotic Syndrome, parotid gland enlargement, acromegally, parkinsons
Sx for cushing’s
(increased adrenal cortisol production produces a round “moon” face with red cheeks, also may have excessive hair growth on face.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Face is edematous and often pale. Swelling first appears around the eyes and in the morning. Eyes may become slit-like when swelling is severe
Parotid Gland enlargement
swelling is anterior to eyelobes and above angles of jaw (unilateral)
Acromegally
increased GH causes enlargement of bone and soft tissues.
Parkinson’s disease
decreased facial mobility-blunts expression-mask-like facies.
Abnormalities of the eyes
Ptosis, exopthalmos, cataract, glass eye, corneal abrasion
Ptosis
drooping of the upper eye lid caused by myasthenia gravis (dmg to occulomotor nerve, or damage to sympathetic nerve supply (horner’s)
exopthalmos
protrusion of eyeball, common with grave’s disease
cataract
opacities of lenses visible through the pupil, risk factors: old age, smoking, diabetes, corticosteroid use.
glass eye
limits based on pupillary reaction
corneal abrasion
complication of anesthesia
Abnormalities of ears (chance of being on test <1%)
keloid, tophi, rheumatoid nodules, basal cell carcinoma
abnormalities of pharynx
exudative tonsillitis, torus palatinus, hairy leukoplakia, thrush.
exudative tonsillitis
whitish exudate on the tonsils that when paired with fever and enlarged lymph nodes = group A strap or strep throat.
Torus palatinus
midline bony growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults, harmless and does not predispose to difficult DL
Hairy Leukoplakia
whitish raised areas with a feathery pattern most often affecting the sides of the tongue. Unlike candida, these cannot be scraped off-seen in HIV/AIDS infection
Thrush
Yeast infection forming whitish plaques from Candida albicans-associated with prolonged antibiotic/corticosteroid use & AIDS
