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Biology > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bioinformatics

A

To compare sequence data, computer and statistical analysis

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2
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Study of evolutionary history and relationships

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3
Q

What are phylogenetics and molecular clocks used for

A

To determine the main sequence and events of evolution

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4
Q

Sequence of events can be determined using ?

A

Fossil evidence and sequence data

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5
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

Use of genomic info in the choice of drugs

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6
Q

How can fragments of DNA be separated

A

Gel electophoresis

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7
Q

Multipotent

A

Tissue stem cells

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8
Q

Pluripotent

A

Embryonic stem cells

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9
Q

Missense

A

Result in one amino acid being changed for another. Resulting in a non functional protein or no effect

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10
Q

Nonsense

A

Premature stop codon being produced- smaller protein

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11
Q

Splice site

A

Some introns being retained and/or some exons not being included in the mature transcript

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12
Q

Duplication

A

Allows potential beneficial mutations to occur as the original gene can still be expressed to produce its protein

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13
Q

Deletion

A

Genes are completely lost

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14
Q

Inversion

A

Chromosome breaks in 2 places and a set of genes rotates 180

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15
Q

Translocation

A

Detached genes become attached to a non homologous chromosome in the complement

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16
Q

Duplication

A

Detached genes become attached to a homologous chromosome in the complement

17
Q

Stabilising

A

An average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype are selected against

18
Q

Directional

A

One extreme of the phenotype is selected for

19
Q

Disrupted

A

Two or more phenotypes are selected for

20
Q

Isolation barriers

A

Prevent gene flow between sub populations

21
Q

Allopathic speciation

A

Geographical

22
Q

Sympatric

A

Ecological and behavioural

23
Q

Birds and mammals

A

Complete double
2 atria 2 ventricles

24
Q

Amphibians and reptiles

A

Incomplete 2 atrium and 1 ventricle

25
Q

Fish

A

Single 1 of each

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Temperature monitoring centre

27
Q

Dormancy

A

Resting or tolerating periods of environmental adversity

28
Q

Daily torpor

A

Period of reduced activity in organisms with high metabolic rate

29
Q

How to track migration

A

Satellite tracking of individual marking

30
Q

Total cell count

A

Total number of callls in a culture viable and dead

31
Q

Viable celll count

A

Number of live cells

32
Q

Bottleneck effect

A

Inability of species to evolve due to lack of genetic diversity

Biology (7 decks)

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