key words

Question 1

(fundamental particles) - isotopes

Answer 1

atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons to their standard form + have different masses

Question 2

(fundamental particles) - ions

Answer 2

an electrically charged particle formed by the loss or gain o an electron.

Question 3

relative atomic mass

Answer 3

the weighted mean mass of an atom of a given element relative to 1/12 of a carbon-12

Question 4

relative isotopic mass

Answer 4

the mass of a given isotope relative to 1/12 of a c-12 atom

Question 5

(bonding) - ionic bonding

Answer 5

an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Question 6

(bonding) - metallic bonding

Answer 6

the electrostatic attraction between to delocalised electrons and positive metal ions

Question 7

(bonding) - covalent bond

Answer 7

the electrostatic attraction between the shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 8

(bonding) - lone pair

Answer 8

an outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding

Question 9

electronegativity

Answer 9

the relative ability of an atom to attract a the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 10

induced dipole-dipole interactions (London forces)

Answer 10

electrostatic attraction between temporary dipoles on neighbouring molecules

Question 11

permanent dipole dipole interactions

Answer 11

electrostatic attraction between permanent dipoles on neighbouring molecules. (delta + end of one attracted the the delta - of another)

Question 12

hydrogen bonding

Answer 12

electrostatic attraction between the + H on one molecules and the lone pair of another

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio usually shown by a chemical formula

Question 14

mole

Answer 14

the amount of a substance which contains the same number of particles as there is in atoms of 12g of carbon 12

Question 15

Avogadro’s constant

Answer 15

6.02 x 10^23

Question 16

Avogadro’s law

Answer 16

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of particles

Question 17

oxidation

Answer 17

increase in oxidation number - decrease in electrons

Question 18

reduction

Answer 18

decrease in oxidation number - gain of electrons

Question 19

oxidising agent

Answer 19

the electron acceptor - species that is reduced

Question 20

reducing agent

Answer 20

the electron donor - species that is oxidised

Question 21

Defi. Nucleophile

Answer 21

Electron pair donor

Question 22

Carbocation

Answer 22

Species with a + charge on a carbon atom

Question 23

Electrophile

Answer 23

Electron pair acceptor

Question 24

Periodicity

Answer 24

Repeating pattern of properties shown across different periods

Question 25

Aromatic

Answer 25

containing a benzene ring (C5H6)

Question 26

Aliphatic

Answer 26

compound containing C + H arranged in straight chains, branched chains or NON aromatic rings.

Question 27

Alicyclic

Answer 27

A compound containig C + H arranged in non aromatic rings, with or without side chains.

Question 28

Homolytic fission

Answer 28

Form radical , one electron to each. Eg intitiation in rad sub

Question 29

Heterolytic fission

Answer 29

Forms a + and - ion , one gets both electrons.