carboxylic acids and derivatives (esters)

Question 1

Carboxylic acid + alcohol = ?

Answer 1

ester

Question 2

what is the catalyst for eserification ?

Answer 2

sulphuric acid H2SO4

Question 3

what is the formula of an ester? use methyl ethanoate as an example

-yl- always the alcohol -oate- carboxylic acid

Answer 3

3HC-CH=O
I
O-CH3

Question 4

what is the test for COOHs ?

Answer 4

Add a carbonate eg. CaCO3
as co2 gas will be produced and effervescence observed.

Question 5

what are the products of hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 5

carboxylic acid + alcohol

Question 6

wat products are formed from the basic hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 6

carboxylate salt + alcohol

Question 7

what products are formed from the acidic hydrolysis of an ester?

Answer 7

carboxylic acid
+ alcohol

Question 8

how is an acyl chloride formed?

Answer 8

reacting a carboxylic acid with a sulphur dichloride oxide (SOCL2)

Question 8

basic structure of an acyl chloride

Answer 8

R=O
I
Cl

Question 8

what is the more efficient way of hydrolysing esters? weak acid or weak base

Answer 8

weak base, not reversible and products are easier to seperate

Question 9

what curly arrown reaction happens with acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides?

Answer 9

nucleophillic addition-elimination

Question 10

Carboxylic acids are weak acids meaning….

Answer 10

they only partially ionise in water

Question 11

what are some uses for esters?

Answer 11

plasticiser, food flavouring, solvent, perfume

Question 12

Why is an organic polymer biodegradable ?

Answer 12

Ester group can be hydrolysed