key words Flashcards
Generalisation?
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
Ethnocentric bias?
Assuming everyone is the same. Seeing the world, seeing the world only from one’s own cultural perspective, and believing that this one perspective is both normal and correct.
Example: you are deciding if you like a cake not, you take a crumb from the piece of the cake, is it enough to decide if you like it or not?
Androcentric Bias?
This assumes that the male point of view and experience is the morn for both women and men.
For example: Using all male participants in a research study and concluding that the results of the study are true for both females and males.
Validity?
One of the greatest concerns when creating a psychological test is whether or not it actually measures what we think it is measuring. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. It is vial for a test to be valid in order for the results to be accurately applied and interpreted.
Reliability?
Reliability - Research should be as reliable as possible. Psychologists should be able to carry out the test many times and get similar results.
Ecological Validity?
Ecological Validity - When choosing a sample group or carrying out any research on humans a psychologist needs to ensure that their work is as true to real life and normal real life as possible. If a researcher is able to do this, their work is known to be ecological valid.
Quantitative data?
Quantitative data - A lot is better than a little.
Qualitative data?
Qualitative data- It’s much better to spend time/ observe/ ask how someone is feeling than focussing on getting a large amount of information.
Demand characteristics?
Demand characteristics- I will try consciously or unconsciously to work out what the researcher’s aim is and I will change my behaviour to try to fit in.
Social desirability?
Social desirability- I’m on my best behaviour because of you! Human nature wants to be liked and to fit in, I will give you socially acceptable answers to your questions.
Ethics?
Ethics - It refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying out research.
* Moral responsibility to protect research participants from harm.
* Purpose is to protect participants, the reputation of psychology and psychologists themselves.
Informed consent?
Informed consent - Researchers must tell exactly what is going to happen in the experiment, so that they can decide if they want to take part or not.
Partial consent?
Partial consent - Where participants agree to take part but they don’t know everything about the study.
Deception?
Deception - Guidelines say you should try to avoid intentionally deceiving participants about the purpose and nature of the investigation. But sometimes it is necessary, otherwise it may not be a valid study.
Debriefing?
Debriefing - At the end of the experiment, providing clear details about the purpose of the experiment and reason for deception. Should include any unforeseen harm or discomfort and make arrangements to deal with these as necessary.
