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Weimar and Nazi Germany > Key Topic 4: Life in Nazi Germany, 1933-9 > Flashcards

Key Topic 4: Life in Nazi Germany, 1933-9 Flashcards

Nazi policies towards women, Nazi policies towards the young, Employment and living standards, The persecution of minorities

1
Q

description of a golden age woman

A

jazz music listener
makeup
smoking
short hair
trousers

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2
Q

description of a nazi ideal woman

A

long hair
skirt/dress
children
athletic build/ heavy hipped
cooked/ cleaned
no makeup or smoking

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3
Q

who was the appointed leader of the Nazi women’s league?

A

Gertrude scholtz-klink

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4
Q

what was a big worry for Nazis concerning childbirth

A

that the rate would go down and therefore less kids

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5
Q

what did hitler do to keep the birth rate from dropping?

A

awarded medals on his mum’s bday (12 aug)
introduced law for encouragement of marriage
Lebensborn programme
propoganda campaign
divorce laws

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6
Q

what was the lebensborn programme?

A

encouraged unmarried and single women to have a pure baby with the SS and essentially “donate” a child to the Fuhrer

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7
Q

in 1933 what did the birth rate drop to?

A

under 1mill

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8
Q

what did the birthrate rise to after the new laws? when did it hit this?

A

1.4 mill in 1939

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9
Q

award sections of the cross of honour

A

bronze (4-5)
silver (6-7)
gold (8+)

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10
Q

what was the introduced divorce law? when? what did this do to divorce rates?

A

1938- divorce was possibly if either partner could not have children. this increased the divorce rates in 1939

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11
Q

what was the percentage of total entries of university enrollment allowed for women

A

10%

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12
Q

what was the marriage health law in 1935?

A

stressed the importance of racially “pure” women when marrying

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13
Q

different nazi organisations for women

A

young women’s league
league of german maidens
faith and beauty society
women’s front (frauenfront)
Reich mother’s services

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14
Q

what were the three Ks women had to follow instead of work

A

Kinder, kirche, kuche

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15
Q

when were the no work for women policies reversed? why?

A

1937- men were starting to go to war

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16
Q

when were marriage loans abolished?

A

1937

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17
Q

what was the compulsory “duty year” women had to do?

A

for all women entering employment- helping on a farm or a family home in return for a bed but no pay

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18
Q

what did the number of employed women increase to from 1933-39?

A

11.6 mill- 14.6 mill

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19
Q

what did many women think of the nazi policies?

A

did not like

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20
Q

when and where was the first concentration camp for women?

A

oct 1933, Moringen

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21
Q

which camp was opened in 1939 and took moringen prisoners?

A

Ravensbruck

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22
Q

how many prisoners in ravensbruck at the end of 1939

A

more that 2000

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23
Q

when were restrictions placed on jews attending German schools?

A

1938

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24
Q

ages of compulsory schooling?

A

6-14

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25
Q

what was “Napola”

A

National Political training institute- for boys 10-18 who could be the future leaders of th state

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26
Q

who took control of napola schools after 1936?

A

SS

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27
Q

who were Adolf Hitler schools for?

A

12-18- elitest of the hitler youth

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28
Q

what were ordensburgen?

A

“order castles” for graduates of Adolf Hitler schools, students in their 20s

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29
Q

how did lessons begin and end?

A

saying “heil Hitler”

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30
Q

who approved all the textbooks?

A

Ministry of Education

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31
Q

what did teachers have to do in order to prove their loyalty to the nazis?

A

swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and join the Nazi Teacher’s League

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32
Q

what percentage of teachers were part of the nazi league by1936?

A

36%

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33
Q

which subject was the most valued to hitler?

A

PE

34
Q

how was the school curriculum controlled?

A

curriculum and questions based on real life nazi problems and future roles for the students
lessons like race studies were introduced

35
Q

what were 4 policies to reduce unemployment?

A

invisible unemployment
Reich Labour service
Job creation schemes
Rearmament

36
Q

what was invisible unemployment?

A

kept the following out of their employment statistics:
jews dismissed from jobs
unmarried men under 25 who were pushed into labour schemes
women who gave up or were dismissed from their jobs
opponents in concentration camps

37
Q

what was the Reich Labour Service? when?

A

1935- it was compulsory for all men 18-25 to serve in the corps for 6 months
very low pay

38
Q

what were job creation schemes?

A

spent billions (37 bill- 1938) on creating jobs
such as building 7000 km of motorways
125000 invloved in that construction

39
Q

what was rearmament

A

ways of building up armed forces ready for war:
re-introduced conscription in 1935 (100 000 men to 1.4 mill by 1939)
heavy industry expanded to meet needs or rearmament
billions spent on military veichles
1939- 26 bill marks spent on rearmament

40
Q

what was the volksgemeinschaft?

A

people’s community of Aryans

41
Q

what was strength through joy (KdF) positives?

A

improvement of leisure time of German workers
concerts, theatre trips, weekend trips, cruises etc.
more than 10 mill took part in 1938

42
Q

what was strength through joy (KdF) negatives?

A

not many workers could afford the expensive trips

43
Q

what was Beauty of Labour positives?

A

department of KdF that tried to improve working conditions.
organised construction of pools, canteens, sports facilities etc.
better lighting installed and better noise levels

44
Q

what was beauty of labour negatives?

A

resented by workers because they had to make these improvements in their spare time with no pay

45
Q

what was the volkswagen scheme positives and negatives?

A

1938- allowing workers to pay 5 marks a week until they eventually got a car

BUT
it was a con trick and by the time war broke out in 1939 not a single person had a car and no refunds

46
Q

positives and negatives of volkgemienschaft (people’s community)

A

p-
made workers feel part of the creation of it

n-
workers could not ask for better pay or reduced hours
strikes banned
opposing sent to camps

47
Q

what happened to the cost of living in the 1930s

A

increased
short supply of food because gov reduced agricultural production to keep up prices to benefit farmers

48
Q

how did the hours of work change from 1933-39?

A

42.9 hrs a week in 1933
47 hrs a week in 1939

49
Q

how did Hitler think he would create a “pure” race? (2 main ways)

A

selective breeding
destroying jews

50
Q

how did German propaganda portray jews?

A

evil moneylenders
subhumans
destroyers of cililisation

51
Q

when does anti-semetism go back to?

A

the middle ages

52
Q

how were children encouraged to hate Jews

A

through school and propaganda

53
Q

when were Jewish shops boycotted?

A

Sat 1st April 1933

54
Q

how long did the jewish shop boycott last for?

A

one day

55
Q

what did the SA do during the jewish shops boycott?

A

stood in entrances to Jewish shops and businesses
painted stars of David on buildings belonging to jews
were not stopped by police

56
Q

was the boycott a big event?

A

not really, most Germans ignored it because it was a saturday and shops were going to be closed anyways

57
Q

what were the Nuremburg Laws? when?

A

1935- 2 racial laws at their annual Reich Party Congress

Reich citizenship law
protection of German blood and Honour

58
Q

what was the Reich Citizenship Law

A

only those of German blood could be citizens.
jews could not vote
jews civil rights were removed

59
Q

what was the law for Protection of German Blood and Honour

A

forbade relations between Jewish and German
previous marriages were not classed as illegal but were encouraged to divorce

60
Q

what does Kristallnacht translate to?

A

Night of Broken Glass

61
Q

when was Kristallnacht

A

9th nov 1938

62
Q

what was Kristallnacht?

A

attacks organised by Goebbels on jewish property, shops, homes and synagogues

63
Q

how many jews were killed, sent to camps and had businesses destroyed in kristallnacht?

A

100 killed
20 000 sent to camps
7 500 jewish businesses destroyed

64
Q

what caused kristallnacht?

A

8th nov 1938, a young jew, Herschel Grynszpan, walked into the German embassy in Paris and shot the first official he met as an act of protest for the treatment of his parents, eho had been deported.

65
Q

what did the Nazis do about Jewish insurance?

A

did not let them have any and businesses werent allowed to reopen unless run by pure germans

66
Q

did Germans like Kristallnacht? what did Hitler do?

A

no, many were disgusted by it so Hitler portrayed it as a spontaneous act of vengeance by Germans

67
Q

who did Hitler blame for Kristallnacht?

A

the Jews themselves for provoking the attack

68
Q

how much were Jews fined?

A

1 bill marks as compensation for the damage caused

69
Q

what was established in Jan 1939? leader?

A

Reich Office for Jewish Emigration lead by Reinhard Heydrich

70
Q

what did the SS become responsible for in Jan 1939?

A

driving the Jews out of Germany through forced emigration

71
Q

what happened to Jews on 30th April 1939

A

Jews were evicted and forced into designated ghettos

72
Q

how many jews had left Germany in the summer of 1939?

A

250 000

73
Q

what made a German “socially useful”?

A

having a job and contributing to the state

74
Q

what term was used to describe those who were unhealthy, tramps or mentally ill etc.

A

asocial

75
Q

policies against the disabled:

A

Sterilisation law

76
Q

what was the sterilisation law?

A

a law that nazis could sterilise people with certain illnesses.
passes in july 1933
between 1934 and 1935, 350 000 were sterilised

77
Q

what was the euthanasia campaign and when?

A

1939- nazis began secretly exterminating the mentally ill.
6000 killed

78
Q

how many gypsies were in Germany

A

30,000

79
Q

why were gypsies a threat?

A

non- pure and a racial threat
no fixed home therefore opposing the “stable life” promoted by nazis

80
Q

policies against gypsies:

A

marriage between germans and gypsies banned in 1935
1938, “struggle against the gypsy plague” was issued and they had to register with authorities

81
Q

what happened to Gay men?

A

arrested and sent to camps

82
Q

why were lesbians not seen as a threat?

A

seen as passive and subordinate to men

Weimar and Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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