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History > Key topic 3- Why had international peace treaties collapsed by 1939? > Flashcards

Key topic 3- Why had international peace treaties collapsed by 1939? Flashcards

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1
Q

What were hitlers foreign policy aims?

A
  • Destroy Communism
  • Lebensraum
  • Unite all German speaking people under one reich (empire)
  • Reversing the treaty of versailles
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2
Q

How far was Hitlers foreign policy 1933-5 directed towards war?

A
  • 1933: disarmament conference + Left LON
  • January 1934 : Ten year non aggression pact with Poland + July 1934 : Failed anschluss attempt
  • January 1935 : Saar plebiscite
  • March 1935 : re-introduction of conscription
  • June 1935 : Anglo - German naval agreemant
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3
Q

Disarmament Conference

A

1932-34

1933

  • Hitler refused to pay anymore reparations and walked out of the conference and left the LON.
  • Began to rearm in secret. First action directly in conflict w/ TOV
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4
Q

First failed anschluss attempt

A

1934

  • Chancellor Dolfuss cracked down on socialists and Nazis. Eventually banned Nazi party in Austria
  • Hitler told Austrian nazi’s to create Chaos
  • Dolfuss killed but Austrian military was there to back gov restored order
  • Mussolini had agreement w/ Austria to protect Austria from aggressors . Soldiers stood on border in Brenner pass to deter German soldiers
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5
Q

Saar Plebscite

A

January 1935

  • over 90% of the Saar voted to join back with Germany
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6
Q

10 year non-aggression pact

A

Jan 1934

supposedly removed the prospect of war for Poland if Germany attacked Czechoslovakia or Austria

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7
Q

Re- introduction of conscription

A

1935
- directly against the TOV + got away w it
- allies responded with the Stressa front
- Prompted soviet Russia, France and Czechoslovakia to sign a mutual assistance pact
- went from 100k soldiers in 1932 to 1.4m in 1939

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8
Q

Anglo- German Naval agreement

A

June 1935

  • Allowed Germany to have 35% of the ships England had and 45% of submarines
  • Encouraged Mussolini to put these policies on Italy’s colonies
  • Self interest
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9
Q

How far did Hitler reveal his intentions between 1936 and 1938?

A
  • March 1936 : Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
  • November 1936 : Anti-commintern pact
  • 1936-1939 :Spanish civil war
  • 1938 :Sudetenland and Munich agreement
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10
Q

Remilitarisation of the Rhineland

A

March 1936

  • Britain and France thought it was dumb to fight over so just allowed it
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11
Q

Stressa front

A

Italy, France and Britain

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12
Q

Anti- Commintern pact

A

Nov 1936

The pact was between Germany and Japan.
Focused on soviet russia spreading communism aboard. But really to ensure neither country would help soviet russia attack the other

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13
Q

Spanish civil war

A

1936-39

Franco v elected republican government

  • Mussolini and Hitler supported Franco.
  • If Franco won, Germany would have another ally, Hitler could test the Luft wafte
  • Encourage Mussolini to break away from stressa front
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14
Q

2nd Anschluss

A

March 1938

  • Hitler and mussolini 🤞🏾
  • Schnussnigg bullied by Hitler to appoint Seyss- Inquart an Austrian Nazi as Minister of interior
  • Schnussnigg held a plebiscite sensing that something was up
  • Hitler told Schnussnigg to step down and be replaced by Seyss- Inquart who immediately requested Germanys help ‘to restore order’ from the chaos made by austrian nazis
  • Mussolini approved and a plebiscite was held also approving of the union
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15
Q

Why had international peace failed by 1939?

A
  1. Peace treaties (1919-1923)
  2. Great depression
  3. LON failures
  4. Policy of appeasment
  5. Nazi soviet pact
  6. Hitlers foreign policy aims
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16
Q

Peace treaties 1919-1923

A

Left Germany,Italy and Japan dissatisfied. Italy and Japan were promised land and Germany felt cheated in the scramble for africa

British and French people felt that the treaties were too harsh and didn’t want war as they were still healing from the first one

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17
Q

Failure of the LON

A
  • Manchuria 1931
  • Abysinnia 1935
  • Appeasement
  • Rearmament
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18
Q

Manchuria 1931

A
  • Lytton report took a year to produce by that time Japan already invaded Manchuria
  • 1933 left LON
  • Encouraged Hitler and Mussolini that Britain and France weren’t going to do anything
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19
Q

Abyssinia 1935

A
  • Italy marched on Abyssinia in 1935
  • Embarrassed LON with Hoare- Laval pact that saw Britain and France promise 2/3 of Abyssinia to Italy
  • LON condemned and placed sanctions on sale of arms and rubber but not coal and oil and also didn’t close the suarez canal which would have stopped them getting to Abyssinia anyway
  • Italy left league joined Rome- Berlin axis
  • Encouraged Hitler
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20
Q

Appeasement

A
  • Let Mussolini get away with Invading Abyssinia because they needed him in the war against germany
  • Britain and France needed to buy time to rearm themselves in preparation of war with Germany
21
Q

consequenced of German Rearmament after disarmament conference

A
  • Showed Britain and France collective security was dead
  • Encouraged both Britain and France to re arm to deter Germany and Italy from taking more aggressive action
  • failure of disarmament conference showed everyones self interest
22
Q

Great depression

A

Led to the crash of international trade and American loans which saw a rise in extremism : Fascist Italy and Japan with a Nazi Germany .

  • Led to self interest and rearmament

A large factor in the cause of WW2

23
Q

Destroying Bolshevism

A

Set Germany on a straight path to conflict with Russia

24
Q

Czechoslovakia march 1939

A

Hitler Got the Sudetenland 1938 , marched on Czechoslovakia 1939. Showed British and French that the only thing that could stop hitler was war.

25
Q

What were the consequences of USSR/Nazi pact 1939

A
  • Hitler thought this would deter Britain from interferring
  • Chamberlain made promises to the poles that if Germany invaded they would support
  • Germans in Danzig demanded joining with Germany
26
Q

Poland 1939

A

1 september 1939, Hitler marches on Poland
3 september 1939, Chamberlain declares war on Germany

27
Q

Policy of appeasement

A
  • Public opinion was that he treaty was too harsh and letting Hitler revise it wouldn’t be to bad as well as the fact no one wanted to fight another waer
  • Realised that there was an increase in Japanese and Italian Militarism and might soon have to fight a war between all 3 so they tried to buy time
  • Some politicians feared communism more than nazis so hoped the two would kill each other off
28
Q

Britain and Russia

A
  • Stalin knew that eventually Hitler was going to come for him
  • Tried to talk to the british
  • British delayed until aug 1939 and sent minor lord who couldn’t make any decisions
  • Russians asked if they could send troops into poland if Hitler invaded.Brits said no . Talks collapsed
29
Q

Why did Anglo-Soviet talks fail?

SCAB

A

Suspicion
Choice
Appeasement
British delay

30
Q

Suspicion

SCAB

A
  • Russians thought the British were trying to trick them into war with germany
  • Poles didn’t trust Russians would leave after war if they entered poland
  • Chamberlain didn’t trust Stalin because he was communist and a dictator
31
Q

Choice

SCAB

A
  • Would be fighting war on Britains behalf
  • Where Hitler offered him peace, sphere of influence in eastern Europe and half of Poland
32
Q

Appeasement

SCAB

A

After Sudetenland, Stalin wasn’t sure that the British wouldn’t just leave him to fight Hitler by himself

33
Q

British Delay

SCAB

A
  • Lord Halifax refused to meet with Stalin
  • Official they sent couldn’t make decisions . Stalin got fed up
34
Q

Hitler and Russia

A
  • Hitler sent senior Nazi Ribbentrov to deliver soviet-nazi pact
  • Offered Stalin half of Poland as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Stalin knew it was a lie but it was either fight hitler for Poland or get Poland and time to prepare. Chose Hitler and signed 23 august 1939
35
Q

Why did the Soviet- Nazi pact happen?

THUG

A

Time to prepare for war
Hope to gain
Unhappy with Britain
Germany

36
Q

Time to prepare

THUG

A

Stalin said, ; we got peace for our country for 18 months, let us make military preparations’

37
Q

Hope to gain

THUG

A

Stalin was sure Russia could gain in a long war where England , France and Germany exhausted themselves in a long war

38
Q

Unhappy with Britain

THUG

A

Stalin Felt insulted by the sending of a minor official and Britain’s slow response.

39
Q

Germany

THUG

A

The only way Britain could protect Poland is if it had USSR onside as it didnt Hitler hoped they would back off of Danzig and Poland.

40
Q

Nazi Soviet pact caused war

A
  • Freed up Hitler to attack Poland without worry
  • Ended British hopes of an alliance with Stalin
  • Improved British morale as it portrayed Hitler are someone who couldn’t be trusted
41
Q

How many german speaking people lived in the sudentenland?

A

over 3m

42
Q

When was the munich conference?

A

29th september 1938

43
Q

Who was at the munich conference?

A

Chamberlain (Britain), Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy) and Deladier (France)

44
Q

What were the terms of the munich agreement?

A

That Hitler would get the sudentenland as long as he didn’t invade anyone else

45
Q

When did the german army occupy the sudentenland?

A

March 1939

46
Q

What was the formal alliance between Italy and Germany called?

A

The pact of steel

47
Q

When was the pact of steel created?

A

may 1939

48
Q

When was the 10 year non agression pact signed?

A

Jan 1934

49
Q

When was the nazi soviet pact signed?

A

23 august 1939

History (6 decks)

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